Military Enterprises Efficiency Research With Consideration Of The Environment Factors Of Civil-military Integration

National defense science and technology industry is the national strategic industry.The development of military and civilian integration is the common trend of the world science and defense technology industry development,which also is an important measure to coordinate national defense construction and economic construction in China.In 2015,the implementation of military and civilian integration was promoted as the national strategy for the first time.Military and civilian integration strategy has changed the competitive environment and policy environment of the military market to a large extent and had different degrees of influence on the property right structure,business structure and technological innovation of military enterprises.These influences,or changes,profoundly affect the technical efficiency of the enterprise,which can reflect the configuration state between input and output elements.In the context of military and civilian integration,The questions how is military enterprises efficiency and what factors restrict their improvement need to be solved urgently.This paper takes the 85 listed military enterprises in China as the research object in2012-2015,and adopts the three-stage DEA method to compare the efficiency of the DEA before and after removing the environment factor in military and civilian integration.Meanwhile,the effect of each environmental factor on the input slack is analyzed in detail in the second phase of the SFA model.Finally,the average efficiency of enterprises in different industries and types are compared and analyzed respectively.The main research findings and recommendations are as follows.(1)The technical efficiency of military enterprises is low on the whole.The average technical efficiency of military enterprises calculated before removing environment factors and random factors in military and civilian integration is higher than that calculated after removing,which suggests that military enterprise' own pure efficiency level is not high,but the external environmental factors and random factors under the civil-military integration policy can help to allocate resources more efficiently on the whole,and improve the military enterprise pure technical efficiency.Among those environmental factors,non-state holding components,market competition,R&D investment,technology spillover effect are beneficial to the effective allocationof military enterprise resources.While government subsidies and business restructuring are not conducive to the full use of the resources.Therefore,to improve the efficiency of military enterprises,it's necessary not only strive to form a competitive market structure,but also reduce government intervention,as well as accelerate reform of property rights,enhance research and development activities,and strengthen inter-firm technical exchanges.Meanwhile,the existing resources of military enterprises should be taken into consideration when military enterprises adjust their business.Military enterprises should make full use of the equipment's universality and the existing processing and manufacturing capacity to realize the effective transfer of technologies between military and civilian industries.(2)Under the interference of the integration environment factor and the random factors,the efficiency level of military enterprises in information transmission,software and information technology services industry is higher than that in other industries,while the efficiency level of military enterprises in metal products manufacturing industry is lower than others;the enterprises affiliated to CETC have relatively high efficiency in all types of enterprises,while the enterprises affiliated to CSSC and CSIC have relatively low efficiency;the average efficiency of the private-owned military enterprises is higher than that of state-owned military enterprises.After removing the environment factors and random factors in military and civilian integration,all three of these situations have opposite results.In reality,the environment and stochastic factors in military and civilian integration exist,so those enterprises with low efficiency should actively take measures to improve their own efficiency.