An Analysis Of Carbon Emissions In China's Provinces And Municipalities Based On An Input-output Model

With the continuous development of the social economy,the energy consumption required to support rapid economic development has increased rapidly,resulting in a continuous increase in China's carbon emissions.The rapid increase in carbon emissions has made the problem of environmental pollution increasingly serious,leading to an increasingly prominent contradiction between economic growth and carbon emission reduction.How to deal with the balanced development of economic growth and environmental pollution is particularly important.The vastness and diversity of China's territory make each province's population and economic scale comparable to one country.Therefore,it is particularly critical to place viewpoints on various regions of China.The carbon footprint can objectively and comprehensively evaluate the carbon emission levels of the production life cycle for satisfying consumption,in addition to the direct carbon emissions in the production process,as well as the indirect carbon emissions of the intermediate products consumed in the production process.The development of a low-carbon economy requires the effective implementation of the principle of regional integration,so the transfer of implied carbon emissions among regions is particularly important.This paper is based on the "2007 China Input-Output Table","2012 China Input-Output Table",and "2010 China's 30 Inter-Regional Input-Output Tables for 30 Sectors," using input-output models and various Energy CO2 Emissions Factor,Calculation of Carbon Footprint and Per Capita Carbon Footprint of Chinese Provinces in 2007 and 2012,and 2012 Implicit Carbon Transfer Among Regions,to analyze the total carbon footprint,per capita carbon footprint,carbon footprint intensity,and the composition of the carbon footprint of the department,as well as the implicit carbon call in and call out,and the transfer of implied carbon across regions,draw the following conclusions:(1)From 2007 to 2012,the carbon footprint and per capita carbon footprint of various provinces and cities in China have shown a rapid growth trend.There is asignificant difference in the total carbon footprint and the per capita carbon footprint of each province,but the carbon footprint The spatial distribution pattern of per capita carbon footprint is basically stable.The provinces with smaller carbon footprints are the central and northwest regions with small economic aggregates and low industrialization levels,such as Qinghai,Ningxia and Gansu,and the coastal cities with low energy consumption,such as Hainan and Tianjin.The provinces with higher per capita carbon footprints are mainly resource-rich provinces such as Jilin,Shanxi and Inner Mongolia.The provinces with lower per capita carbon footprints are mostly in the central and western regions with low per capita GDP,such as Guangxi,Jiangxi,Hunan,Henan and Anhui.(2)Compared with 2007,the carbon intensity of various provinces and cities in China has dropped significantly,indicating that China has achieved significant results after implementing a series of emission reduction measures.Carbon emission intensities are rich in resources in the inland regions of the northwest,and economic development is relatively backward,such as Qinghai,Shanxi,Gansu,Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia.The carbon emission intensity is low in the economically developed coastal areas such as Beijing,Guangdong,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu.(3)There are large differences in the composition of the carbon footprint of the30 provinces and cities in China.The carbon emissions from the Northeast Integrated Economic Zone are mainly concentrated in the construction,food,and tobacco sectors and transportation equipment industries;the northern coastal economic zone mainly accounts for carbon emissions from the construction industry,transportation equipment industry,and transportation,warehousing and postal services.Bidai;the major sources of carbon emissions in the eastern coastal economic zone are construction,chemical products and communications equipment,computers and other electronic equipment;the construction industry in the southern coastal economic zone,textile shoes,leather and down products and The communications equipment,computers and other electronic equipment industries are the major sources of carbon emissions;the carbon emissions from the Yellow River's Middle East Economic Zone are mainly concentrated in the construction industry,coal mining and selection products industry,and agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,fishery products,andservice industries;the Middle Yangtze River Economic Zone mainly The carbon emissions from the construction,food,and tobacco sectors and from agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery products and services account for a large proportion;the main sources of carbon emissions in the Southwestern Economic Zone are the construction industry,agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery products and services,and the food and tobacco sector;Construction industry,agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fisheries products and services,and oil and gas exploration products in the economic zone As the main source of carbon emissions.(4)The provinces with large amounts of implied carbon recall are all regions with abundant resources and good manufacturing bases;the provinces with a large number of implicit carbon imports are generally more economically developed regions.Through comparison and analysis of the transfer amount and transfer ratio,the following characteristics are reflected: First,Shanghai,Beijing,Tianjin and other central cities rely more on implied carbon emissions;second,Zhejiang,Guangdong,Jiangsu,and Shandong In provinces with large scale of manufacturing,the amount of imported carbon emissions and the proportion of transferred carbon emissions are relatively high.Third,Jiangxi,Anhui,Hainan,Gansu and other provinces with relatively small economic aggregates have implicit carbon emissions.The quantity is not large,but due to the incomplete industrial structure,the proportion of implied carbon emissions is higher;Fourth,Liaoning,Jilin,Shaanxi and other large-scale resource-rich provinces,due to the incomplete industrial system,resulting in The degree of dependence on foreign countries is relatively deep,and the amount of imported carbon emissions is low,while the proportion of transferred funds is relatively high.(5)The economically developed regions are the largest implied carbon import regions in China,such as Guangdong,Zhejiang,Jiangsu,Shanghai,and Beijing;the resource-rich regions are the largest implied carbon export regions in China,such as Hebei,Inner Mongolia,and Shanxi.Xinjiang,Shaanxi and so on.China's resource-rich regions are the main distribution areas of China's energy and heavy chemical industrial bases.They export large amounts of energy and heavy chemicalproducts to provide strong support for economic growth in coastal regions;Incessantly,many energy products have to be transferred to other economically developed provinces for processing to meet the ultimate needs of mankind,and become a net withdrawal zone for implied carbon emissions.The electricity,steel,cement,etc.in the provinces where net carbon emissions are implied are highly dependent on the transfer,resulting in a huge net transfer of implied carbon emissions.(6)The transfer of implied carbon is mainly concentrated in the transfer of resource-rich provinces to economically developed coastal areas.The province-wide transfer of implied carbon emissions can be roughly divided into three categories:large-scale carbon emissions transfer,larger-scale and medium-scale carbon emissions transfer.Large-scale carbon emissions mainly occur in North China,Northeast China,and southeast coastal areas,and are the transfer of resources-rich provinces to economically developed provinces.The larger-scale carbon emissions transfer includes three types: one is the transfer between North China and Northeastern provinces;the second is the transfer between the coastal provinces in East China and the transfer of Northeast China to the provinces in East China;the third is East China.Transfer of some provinces in the region and central regions to Guangdong.Medium-scale carbon emissions transfer also includes three categories: First,the transfer of resource-rich provinces to economically developed coastal areas;second,mutual transfer between central provinces;and third,transfer of northwestern regions.The transfer of implied carbon in the economic zone mainly occurs in the north coast to the northeast,the eastern coast,the southern coast and the middle reaches of the Yellow River;the northeast to the eastern coast;the east coast to the south coast Transfer;transfer of the middle reaches of the Yellow River to the eastern coastal areas and the southwest;transfer of the southern coastal areas to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River;transfer of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River to the middle reaches of the Yellow River;and transfer of the southwest to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.According to relevant conclusions drawn from this study,in order to reduce China's carbon emissions,achieve a low-carbon economy,and achieve coordinated development of the economy and the environment,the following recommendationsare made:(1)Rationally adjust the energy structure and upgrade the energy consumption structure of clean energy such as natural gas;(2)Adjust the industrial structure,and vigorously develop low-energy and low-emission industries;(3)Enhance carbon-sink capacity building;(4)Vigorously develop energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies and promote the application of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies to the central and western regions;(5)Give full play to the functions of government departments in the implementation process of energy conservation and emission reduction.