Temporal And Spatial Changes And Agglomeration Characteristics Of Air Pollution Emissions In China's Silk Road Economic Belt

Since the first industrial revolution,the rapid development of science and technology has also brought with it a series of issues such as climate change,land degradation,and environmental pollution.Among them,atmospheric pollution is closely related to human life and it is one of the outstanding ecological environmental problems facing humanity.,waiting to be solved.In this harsh context,the 19th Party Congress proposed to focus on solving outstanding environmental problems.In 2013,China put forward the "Belt and Road Initiative" for the first time.The implementation of the "One Belt and One Road" initiative will inevitably affect the ecological environment,especially the atmosphere,along the route.At the same time,air pollution assessment is the basis for pollution prevention.Therefore,the Silk Road is studied.Air pollution along the economic belt is of practical significance.This paper selects the China Silk Road Economic Belt as the research area,takes the atmospheric pollution as the starting point,and based on the comprehensive evaluation method,proposes the atmospheric environmental pollution index,constructs the atmospheric environmental pollution evaluation system,determines the atmospheric environmental pollution level,and divides different types of atmospheric environment.This paper first calculated the atmospheric pollution index of China's Silk Road economic belt from 2000 to 2014 and its 158 cities(states)in 2014,and analyzed the atmospheric environmental pollution status of the China Silk Road Economic Belt from a time and space perspective.Secondly,using the GIS spatial autocorrelation analysis method,the spatial agglomeration characteristics of atmospheric pollution of 158 cities(states)in the economic zone were studied.Finally,using the atmospheric environmental pollution assessment system,the characteristics of spatio-temporal changes were analyzed,and 158 cities(states)in the economic zone were divided into three major types,and corresponding air pollution prevention and control countermeasures were proposed for different types of areas.Through the above analysis,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)From 2000 to 2014,the emission pressures of SO2,NOx,and smoke(dust)in the China Silk Road Economic Belt are relatively high.The average annual growth rate of SO2 emission index was 2.59%,NOx was 1.17%,and smoke(dust)was 2.39%.From a spatial point of view,the SO2 emission index is higher in cities such as Minnan,Yulin,Ordos,Baotou and Qujing.The NOx emission index is higher in cities(states)such as Chifeng,Tongliao,Yulin,Harbin and Weinan,and the smoke(dust)emission index is higher in cities(states)such as Yulin,Harbin,Benxi,Anshan,and Ordos.(2)The emissions of SO2,NOx,and smoke(dust)in China's Silk Road economy have spatial agglomeration characteristics.In 2014,there was a positive correlation between the SO2,NOx,and smoke(dust)emissions indices of the regions with different indices,and there were obvious agglomeration characteristics.From the spatial point of view,there are 17 high-high accumulation areas(H-H)in the SO2 emission index,6 low-high concentration(L-H)areasand 23 low-low concentration areas(L-L).There are 15 high-to-high agglomeration areas(H-H)in the NOxemission index,6 low-high agglomeration areas(L-H),23 low-low agglomeration areas(L-L)and 2 high-low agglomeration areas(H-L).There are 16 high-high accumulation areas(H-H)in the Smoke(dust)emission index,8 low-high concentration areas(L-H),23 low-low concentration areas(L-L)and 6 high-low aggregation(H-L).(3)The level of atmospheric pollution in the China Silk Road Economic Belt is at a medium level.The atmospheric pollution index increased from 0.30 to 0.40,with an average annual increase of 2.05%,and the atmospheric pollution level changed from lower(?b)to lower(?a).From a spatial point of view,116 cities(states)such as Alashan,Dandong,and Jinzhou have very low levels of atmospheric pollution(?a);Wuhai,Bayannaoer,Xinganmeng and other 27 cities(states)are lower(?b).Nine cities(states)such as Hohhot,Shenyang and Qiqihar are middle and lower(?a);four cities(states)in Baotou,Chifeng,Ordos and Weinan are middle and upper(?b);Harbin is higher(?a);Very high(?b).(4)According to the classification criteria of atmospheric environmental pollution levels,158 cities(states)in the economic zone are divided into three major types of areas.The Class I area includes 139 cities(states or regions)such as Wuhai,Alashan,Dandong,Yanbian,and Daxinganling.The level of atmospheric pollution is relatively low.The pollution prevention and control plan should be implemented,and the ecological industry should be developed to achieve a win-win situation.Class II areas include 13 cities(states or regions)such as Hohhot,Shenyang,Qiqihar,Weinan,and Shizuishan,with a moderate level of atmospheric pollution.They should strive to create a pattern of people-to-government governance,and take the road of cyclic development to achieve sustainable development.The Class ? area includes two cities,Harbin and Yulin.The level of atmospheric pollution is high.It is necessary to speed up technological transformation,adjust and optimize the industrial structure,and reduce the pressure of pollution prevention and control.