| Nowadays, with the rapid development of industrialization, science and technology and economy, the ecological problems are getting more and more attention. The over exploitation of natural resources, the massive emissions of greenhouse gases, the shortage of water resources and the development of human society have become the key issues that should be considered. In such a grim situation, the construction of ecological civilization concept was put forward, and with economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction together to form the overall layout of socialism with Chinese characteristics. As the basis of ecological civilization construction, the evaluation of ecological civilization will be more and more important.In 2013, President Xi Jinping first proposed a strategic initiative to build the Silk Road Economic Belt, attracted great attention from the international community. This paper selected the Silk Road Economic Belt as the study area, natural resources depletion, greenhouse effects, water resource shortage, human development as the starting point, proposed ecological pressure index, greenhouse gas emissions index and water resources pressure index, combined with human development index to construct an ecological civilization evaluation system, defined the ecological civilization level.This paper firstly accounted ecological footprint, carbon footprint, water footprint and human development index in the name of social development footprint of Silk Road Economic Belt from 1990 to 2014 and 103 cities from 2012 to 2014, and analysed the supply and demand of natural resources, greenhouse gas emissions, water resources utilization and social development level of the Silk Road Economic Belt from the dimension of time and space. Secondly, using the ecological civilization evaluation system, the temporal and spatial difference of ecological civilization construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt was analyzed, and the 103 cities were divided into three types. Finally, the ecological civilization construction path and mode of different types were analyzed and discussed, to play a certain reference and guidance for the ecological civilization construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt. Some conclusions are made through analysis and studies above all:(1) From 1990 to 2014, in the Silk Road Economic Belt, the average annual growth rate of ecological footprint, capacity and ecological pressure index were 4.23%, 0.58%,2.05%, respectively. The grade of ecological pressure increased from upper-middle (?b) to very high (?b). In space, the grade of ecological pressure in Bayingolin and other 19 cities were very low (?a), in Zhangye and other 9 cities were low (Ib), in Puer and other 12 cities were lower-middle (?a), in Baise and other 11 cities were upper-middle (?b), in Laibin and other 8 cities were high (?a), in Guangyuan and other 38 cities were very high (?b).(2) The average annual growth rate of GHG emissions, per capita and per unit GHG emissions and GHG emissions index in the Silk Road Economic Belt were 6.83%, 5.92%,5.39%,5.65%, respectively. The grade of GHG emissions increased from low (?b) to lower-middle (?a). In space, the grade of GHG emissions in Lijiang and other 8 cities were very low (?a), in Chongzuo and other 51 cities were low (?b), in Chengdu and other 13 cities were lower-middle (?a), in Xianyang and other 6 cities were upper-middle (?b), in Kunming and other 4 cities were high (?a), in Qujing and other 15 cities were very high (?b).(3) The average annual growth rate of water footprint, water resources quantity and water resources pressure index in the Silk Road Economic Belt were 0.13%,-1.09%, 1.24%, respectively. The grade of water resources pressure increased from very low (?a) to low (Ib). In space, the grade of water resources pressure in Guoluo and other 44 cities were very low (?a), in Nanning and other 13 cities were low (?b), in Dali and other 7 cities were lower-middle (?a), in Deyang and other 4 cities were upper-middle (?b), in Jinchang and other 3 cities were high (?a), in Hanzhong and other 26 cities were very high (?b).(4) The average annual growth rate of life expectancy index, education index, GDP index and human development index in the Silk Road Economic Belt were 0.78%, 1.57%,7.43%,3.22%, respectively. The grade of society development increased from very low (IIIb) to upper-middle (?a). In space, the grade of society development in Karamay and other 2 cities were high (?b), in Lanzhou and other 37 cities were upperer-middle (?a), in Altay Prefecture and other 42 cities were lower-middle (?b), in Yushu and other 11 cities were low (?a), in Baoshan and other 6 cities were very low (?b).(5) The ecological civilization index of the Silk Road Economic Belt decreased from 0.63 to 0.56, with an average annual growth rate of -0.57%. The grade of ecological civilization was always on upper-middle (?a). In space, the grade of ecological civilization in Guoluo and other 11 cities were very high (?a), in Aba and other 21 cities were high (?b,), in Wuzhou and other 13 cities were upper-middle (IIa), in Honghe and other 20 cities were lower-middle (?b), in Chongqing and other 18 cities were low (?a), in Suining and other 14 cities were very low (?b).(6) According to the standard of ecological civilization level,103 cities (states) of the Silk Road Economic Belt were divided into 3 major types. Type ? included Guoluo and other 33 cities, whose ecological civilization level were high, it should vigorously develop eco-tourism with the environmental advantages of the industrial development, and develop clean energy with the use of its rich energy resources. Type ? included Wuzhou and other 34 cities, whose ecological civilization level were middle, it should choose the green development and circular economy development, and ultimately achieve sustainable economic development. Type ? included Zhaotong and other 33 cities, whose ecological civilization level were low, it should vigorously adjust and optimize the industrial structure, develop the low carbon industry and science and technology industry, improve the level of ecological civilization construction. |
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