| Tourist village is an administrative village with unique tourism resources.It has active tourism activities,distinct tourism product characteristics.And tourism income occupies a large proportion in the village income,which belongs to the category of rural tourism.It is an important part of rural tourism and an important power,way and engine to realize rural revitalization.Therefore,it is of great significance to understand the pattern evolution process,spatial structure characteristics and factors and to optimize the spatial pattern of rural tourism and improve the development efficiency of rural tourism.This study aims at building a spatial database based on the research of 1,207 tourist villages,together with relevant geographic data in Shandong Province.The first section reviews the current research situation of spatial patterns in resorts in China and abroad and the development of tourist villages.Quantitive and qualitative research also are applied to analyse the quantities and frameworks change attributes in the timing sequence of the tourist villages in this section.Then attention is paid to depth insight of spatial patterns characteristics and evolutions of the tourist villages.Through the application of GIS method of space analysis and general mathematics statistics,this paper discusses the villages’ general layout,scale differences,spatial patterns and expansion.Thirdly,with the help of quantitative geography,general quantity statistics and GIS method of space analysis,this paper explores the influences that terrain,hydrology,senior resorts,tourist sources and transports have to tourist villages.Moreover,how government policies affect the development of the communities are examined qualitatively.Finally,this paper suggests some optimisations about spatial patterns.The main conclusions are as follow.The quantity variation of tourist villages has a significant stage feature.The development of the communities has gone through low growth from 2008 to 2011.During 2012 to 2013,it was at the interim transition stage.The event entered rapid growth in 2014 and ended in 2017.Spatial heterogeneity is significant.The degree of inequality is higher than the population and A-level scenic spot factors,which is similar to the economic.The tourist villages of the whole province are in aggregated distribution.Countries cluster more among the eastern coastal areas,Rilan Expressway,Jizao Railway,and along the Yellow River.The city territory demonstrates a phenomenon of cluster distribution in the center and random distribution in east and west.The density pattern shows a situation that surrounded by mountains as a belt,multiple points along the coast.The density is relatively high along the canal,the central and southern mountainous areas of Shandong,and the coastal areas.Furthermore,the tourist villages develop three belts which are the canal,the surrounding mountains,and the coastal regions with synergetic development.The centre of distribution in tourist villages is a small-span migration in sloping M type.The directions for delivery are stable.They are expansion in northeast-southwest,contraction in southeast-northwest,and consistent with elevation distribution and land extension in Shandong province.The spatial distribution of tourist villages demonstrates a significantly positive correlation,which is a radiation hotspot pattern of three belts and two points.While the clumps of hotspots and cold spots are concentrated distribution,the clusters of secondary hotspots and secondary cold spots are dispersed distribution.Moreover,the growth hotspots move from inland towards the coast,central Shandong,and southwestern Shandong.It is also apparent that cold growth spots tend to move north.Geographical factors affect the spatial changes in tourist villages.The regions in plains,low mountain and hills have a convenient agricultural foundation,fullyequipped facilities,as well as excellent resources.These attract tourist villages to gather in the area below 100 metres above sea level.Relying on rivers and coasts and distribute along rivers and coastal regions,tourist villages cluster in areas with abundant water.Affected by radiation from senior scenic spots,the highest aggregation is within 10 km of senior resorts.The market-oriented tourist sources form a recreation circle around the city.The recreation circles in tourist village are formed within 30 km and 60 km from the city centre,which contribute to distribution to near tourist source areas and senior scenic spots.The rapid development of tourist villages in Shandong Province benefits from the support of departments at all levels and support policies.These assistances have significant effects in several areas,including tourism space planning,talents cultivation,capital replenishment,service construction and investment promotion.With the completeness of transport instructions,the influences of transportation factors become weak to spatial changes.Due to the facts that tourist villages surrounded by mountains,adjacent rivers and coastal areas,near senior scenic spots,and the distribution of tourist source markets,it represents a new spatial pattern evolution pattern.Led by government policies,bases on existing resources,this pattern demonstrates a spatial evolutionary model of orientation to senior scenic spots and tourists oriented.Tourism,the main component of modern service industries,is an essential engine for the conversion of old and new strategies and the development of tourism in Shandong Province.It is also a significant part to integrate resources,collaboratively construct and share information.In this premise,the tourism villages should expand in a balanced manner,cooperate development of points,lines,and planes to construct a multi-network-connected tourism development system in Shandong.It is also recommended to balance the developing focus of the central and eastern regions,meticulously plan and select layouts to build an efficient spatial pattern.With upgrade and update,high-quality and efficient development,it leads to a transition to exquisite,refined,elaborate tourism products and services. |
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