| The experiment was carried out in the all solar greenhouse and plastic greenhouse of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University from April to August 2019.In the experiment,the cucumber variety"Changchun Mi Ci"was used as the test material,and the pot experiment was carried out.Five concentration levels of conidia and chlamydospore of T.asperellum 525 were set,which were 10~3,10~4,10~5,10~6 and 10~7cfu/g respectively.The sterile water was used as the control.Using Trichoderma selective culture medium to culture Trichoderma conidia and chlamydospores,by measuring the population number of Trichoderma conidia and chlamydospores in the soil,the dynamic change rule of Trichoderma conidia and chlamydospores in the soil was determined.At the same time,the related soil enzyme activity,cucumber seedling morphological index,physiological and biochemical index and stress resistance index were measured and analyzed.The effects of Trichoderma conidia and chlamydospores on soil enzyme system and the physiological mechanism of promoting cucumber growth were explored.We can provide technical support and theoretical basis for the research and development of Trichoderma agent,provide technical basis for the safe,high-yield and high-quality cultivation of greenhouse cucumber,provide theoretical support for the sustainable production of greenhouse cucumber,and also have a certain guiding role in reducing fertilizer application in agricultural production by research.The results of this experiment are as follows:1.When the concentration of conidia and chlamydospores of Trichoderma echinospora525 was 10~3,10~4,10~5,10~6,10~7 cfu/g,it prominently promoted the height,main root length,stem diameter,root volume,leaf area and other morphological indexes of cucumber seedlings.At 10-40 days after sowing,the higher the conidia concentration of Trichoderma echinospora 525 was,the more obvious the promoting effect was.There was no significant difference between 10~6cfu/g and 10~7cfu/g,but both of them were prominently higher than other treatments.At 40 days after sowing,the plant height,main root length,stem diameter,root volume and leaf area of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~7 cfu/g and 10~6 cfu/g conidia of Trichoderma echinosporum 525 were 92.73%and 76.36%,93.47%and 88.94%,114.72%and108.62%,223.81%and 209.52%,337.94%and 315.15%higher than CK separately.At 10-40 days after sowing,the higher the concentration of chlamydospores,the more obvious the promoting effect,of which 10~7cfu/g was the strongest,which was prominently higher than other treatments.There was no significant difference between 10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g,but they were prominently higher than other treatments,which were better concentrations for promoting growth.At 40 days after sowing,plant height,main root length,stem diameter,root volume and leaf area of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~7 cfu/g Trichoderma echinospora 525chlamydospores were 90.76%,87.44%,112.3%,176.19%and 307.81%higher than CK respectively.The plant height,main root length,stem diameter,root volume and leaf area of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g chlamydospores were 80.15%and67.42%,79.4%and 71.86%,102.96%and 97.85%,166.67%and 157.14%,268.51%and259.28%higher than CK respectively.2.When the concentrations of conidia and chlamydospores of Trichoderma echinospora525 were 10~3,10~4,10~5,10~6,10~7 cfu/g,which prominently promoted the accumulation of dry and fresh weight of aboveground and underground parts of cucumber seedlings.At 10-40 days after sowing,the higher the conidia concentration of Trichoderma echinospora 525 was,the more obvious the promoting effect was.There was no significant difference between 10~6cfu/g and 10~7cfu/g concentrations,but they were significantly higher than other treatments.At 40 days after sowing,the fresh weight of the ground,the fresh weight of the underground,the dry weight of the ground and the dry weight of the underground part of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~7cfu/g and 10~6 cfu/g conidia of Trichoderma echinosporum525 were 195.08%and 188.18%,217.04%and 214%,164.02%and 156.09%,275.65%and260.65%higher than those of CK respectively.At 10-40 days after sowing,the higher the concentration of chlamydospores,the more obvious the promoting effect.Among them,10~7 cfu/g was the most effective,which was prominently higher than other treatments.There was no significant difference between 10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g,but both of them were significantly higher than other treatments,which was a better concentration for promoting growth.At 40 days after sowing,the fresh weight of the ground,the fresh weight of the underground,the dry weight of the ground and the dry weight of the underground were 274.98%,334.08%,147.15%and 341.52%higher than CK.Compared with CK,and those of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g chlamydospores were 202.02%and 194.91%,276.88%and 258.42%,82.23%and 79.09%,224.13%and218.91%,respectively.3.When the concentrations of conidia and chlamydospores of Trichoderma echinospora525 were 10~3,10~4,10~5,10~6,10~7cfu/g,which prominently promoted the chlorophyll content,root activity,nitrate nitrogen content,reducing sugar content,sucrose content,soluble protein content,nitrate reductase activity and other physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings.At 10-40 days after sowing,the higher the conidia concentration of Trichoderma echinospora 525 was,the more obvious the promoting effect was.There was no significant difference between 10~6cfu/g and 10~7cfu/g concentrations,but they were significantly higher than other treatments.At 40 days after sowing,the chlorophyll content,root activity,nitrate nitrogen content,reducing sugar content,sucrose content,soluble protein content and nitrate reductase activity of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~7 cfu/g and 10~6 cfu/g conidia were 65.05%and63.10%,53.35%and 50.70%,344.68%and 329.85%,110.56%and 103.23%,81.48%and77.48%,205.84%and 201.90%,58.06%and 53.11%higher than CK respectively.At 10-40 days after sowing,the higher the concentration of chlamydospores,the more obvious the promoting effect,of which 10~7 cfu/g was the strongest,which was prominently higher than other treatments.There was no significant difference between 10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g,but both of them were significantly higher than other treatments,which were better concentrations for promoting growth.At 40 days after sowing,the chlorophyll content,root activity,nitrate nitrogen content,reducing sugar content,sucrose content,soluble protein content and nitrate reductase activity of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~7cfu/g Trichoderma echinospora 525 chlamydospores were 153.78%,72.29%,446.78%,166.91%,90.14%,211.93%and 94.58%higher than CK respectively.The chlorophyll content,root activity,nitrate nitrogen content,reducing sugar content,sucrose content,soluble protein content and nitrate reductase activity of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g chlamydospores were 90.48%and 85.46%,47.01%and 44.24%,244.68%and 223.36%,134.68%and 128.99%,66.70%and51.29%,176.16%and 173.52%,53.17%and 49.75%higher than CK respectively.4.When the concentrations of conidia and chlamydospores of Trichoderma echinospora525 were 10~3,10~4,10~5,10~6,10~7cfu/g,which prominently promoted the activities of catalase,peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase,ascorbic acid peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in cucumber seedlings.At 10-40 days after sowing,the higher the conidia concentration of Trichoderma echinospora 525 was,the more obvious the promoting effect was.There was no significant difference between 10~6cfu/g and 10~7cfu/g,but they were significantly higher than other treatments.At 40 days after sowing,the activities of catalase,peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase,ascorbic acid peroxidase and superoxide dismutase treated with 10~7cfu/g and 10~6cfu/g conidia were 870.75%and 852.68%,579.17%and 565.76%,492.70%and 477.31%,335.61%and324.80%,802.11%and 794.06%higher than those of CK.At 10-40 days after sowing,the higher the concentration of chlamydospores,the more obvious the promoting effect.Among them,10~7cfu/g was the most effective,which was prominently higher than other treatments.There was no significant difference between 10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g,but they were significantly higher than other treatments,which was a better concentration for promoting growth.At 40 days after sowing,the activities of catalase,peroxidase,polyphenoloxidase,ascorbic acid peroxidase and superoxide dismutase of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~7 cfu/g Trichoderma echinospora 525 chlamydospores were 1148.11%,674.47%,564.58%,361.89%and 659.69%higher than those of CK.The activities of catalase,peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase,ascorbic acid peroxidase and superoxide dismutase treated with10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g chlamydospores were 1040.15%and 1016.56%,599.63%and 593.06%,518.56%and 503.74%,277.16%and 270.08%,581.90%and 569.24%higher than CK.5.When the concentrations of conidia and chlamydospores of Trichoderma echinospora525 were 10~3,10~4,10~5,10~6 and 10~7cfu/g,the proline content,plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of cucumber seedlings all increased first and then decreased.At 10-40 days after sowing,the proline content,plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~3,10~4,10~5,10~6,10~7 cfu/g Trichoderma echinospora 525 conidia were higher than those of CK.With the increase of the conidia concentration of Trichoderma echinospora 525,the proline content,plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of cucumber seedlings all decreased,and the conidia treatment of 10~6cfu/g and 10~7cfu/g of Trichoderma echinospora 525 was significantly lower than those of 10~3,10~4 and 10~5.There was no significant difference between the conidia treatment of10~6cfu/g and 10~7cfu/g of Trichoderma echinospora 525.At 40 days after sowing,the proline content,plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~7 cfu/g and 10~6 cfu/g conidia of Trichoderma echinospora 525 were 182.54%,195.97%,202.25%,214.76%,170.89%and 172.56%higher than those of CK respectively.At 40days after sowing,to compared with 10~3cfu/g,the proline content,plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~7cfu/g and10~6cfu/g conidia decreased 48.16%,41.44%,31.42%and 26.19%,30.17%and 29.37%respectively.At 10-40 days after sowing,the proline content,plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~3,10~4,10~5,10~6 and 10~7 cfu/g chlamydospores were higher than those of CK.With the increase of chlamydospore concentration of Trichoderma echinospora 525,the proline content,plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of cucumber seedlings showed a downward trend,and the chlamydospore concentration of 10~7cfu/g was significantly lower than that of 10~3,10~4,10~5,10~6chlamydospore treatments.The difference between 10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g was not significant,but both of them were significantly lower than that of 10~3,10~4cfu/g treatment of chlamydospores.At 40 days after sowing,the proline content,plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~7cfu/g Trichoderma echinospora 525 chlamydospores were 277.44%,202.2%and 170.89%higher than CK respectively.The proline content,plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g chlamydospores were 313.61%,322.78%,239.24%,251.05%,193.14%and 195.63%higher than those treated with CK,respectively.At 40 days after sowing,the proline content,plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~7cfu/g chlamydospore 525 were32.95%,55.33%and 55.11%lower than those treated with 10~3cfu/g chlamydospore 525,while the proline content,plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of cucumber seedlings treated with 10~6cfu/g and 10~5 cfu/g chlamydospore 525 were 32.95%,55.33%and55.11%lower than those treated with 10~3cfu/g chlamydospore 525,respectively Chlamydospore treatment decreased 21.32%and 18.69%,38.37%and 33.72%,23.76%and 22.71%.6.When the concentrations of conidia and chlamydospores of Trichoderma echinospora525 were 10~3,10~4,10~5,10~6,10~7cfu/g,the activities of sucrase,phosphatase,protease and urease in cucumber soil were significantly promoted.From 0 to 45 days after sowing,the higher the conidia concentration of Trichoderma echinospora 525 was,the more obvious the promoting effect was.There was no significant difference between 10~6cfu/g and 10~7cfu/g concentrations,but they were prominently higher than other treatments.At 45 days after sowing,the activities of sucrase,phosphatase,protease and urease of cucumber soil treated with 10~7cfu/g and 10~6cfu/g conidia were 274.96%,265.36%,412.82%,402.56%,263.64%,254.55%,220.51%and 215.38%higher than CK respectively.From 0 to 45 days after sowing,the higher the concentration of chlamydospores of Trichoderma echinosporum 525,the more obvious the promoting effect,of which 10~7 cfu/g was the strongest,which was prominently higher than other treatments.There was no significant difference between 10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g,but they were significantly higher than other treatments,which was the greater the concentration of affecting the use.At 45 days after sowing,the activities of sucrase,phosphatase,protease and urease of cucumber soil treated with 10~7 cfu/g Trichoderma echinospora 525 chlamydospores were 260.57%,512.74%,272.73%and 228.21%higher than CK respectively.The activities of sucrase,phosphatase,protease and urease of cucumber soil treated with 10~6cfu/g and 10~5cfu/g chlamydospores were 247.91%,242.03%,446.15%,431.30%,227.27%,218.18%,200%and 198.87%higher than CK respectively.7.When the concentrations of conidia and chlamydospores of Trichoderma echinospora525 were 10~3,10~4,10~5,10~6,10~7cfu/g,the amount of Trichoderma spores in soil was significantly affected.At 5-45 days after sowing,the higher the conidia concentration of Trichoderma echinospora525,the higher the number of Trichoderma colonies.The number of Trichoderma colonies with10~7cfu/g concentration was the highest,which was prominently higher than other treatments.At 5-45 days after sowing,the higher the concentration of chlamydospores of Trichoderma echinospora 525 was,the higher the number of Trichoderma was.The highest concentration of Trichoderma was 10~7cfu/g,which was prominently higher than other treatments. |
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