| Objective:To confirm the protective effect of remote ischemia preconditioning(RIPC)on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat model and to explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factors(HIF).Methods:A total of 40 male SD rats(160-180g)were randomly divided into 4 groups:Sham group?IR group?RIPC+IR group?IR+RIPC+YC-1(HIF-1 specific inhibitor).RIPC was induced by blocking unilateral femoral artery for 5 min followed by 5 min of reperfusion for a total of five cycles.Ischemia and reperfusion injury was induced by blocking bilateral renal artery for 45 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion.The HIF specific inhibitor YC-1 was injected through tail vein with the dose of 2 mg/kg before surgery operation.After twenty-four hours,the rats were anesthetized and executed.Blood samples and kidney tissues were prepared for further analysis.Results:The renal functions including serum creatinine,cystatin C and tubular injury score after ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats with rIPC treatment were significantly better than in those without rIPC treatment.Renal expression of SOD and p-AKT were also elevated after rIPC.Further,this protection effect could be blocked by administration of HIF-1 specific inhibitor YC-1.Our study also showed that treatment of rIPC obviously enhanced HIF-1 expression in rat kidney.Conclusions:Remote ischemic preconditioning(RIPC)can protect the kidney from ischemia reperfusion injury which may be achieved through the activation of HIF.Objective:Growing evidences demonstrate a key regulatory role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and progression of autoimmune disease including systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).In this cross-sectional study,we extend to investigate the level of 25-OH vitamin D and its association with the activity of the disease in lupus nephritis(LN).Method Clinical data were collected on a total of 154 patients diagnosed with lupus nephritis who were admitted in our hospital,from January 2008 to May 2015.The disease activity was measured by the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000(SLEDAI-2k)and the patients with SLEDAI score>10 were defined as the active group and the others were defined as the stable group.Another 63 healthy adults were recruited as normal controls.Correlation between 25(OH)D3 levels and the disease activity index were studied by Spearman's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression.Results The level of vitamin D3 in LN patients was significantly lower than normal controls(P<0.01).The concentrations of serum vitamin D3 A significant negative relationship between and SLEDAI scores was demonstrated(r=-0.2,P<0.01).According to the K/DOQI guidelines,patients with a severe deficiency of vitamin D3 were found who had higher level of 24h proteinuria(P<0.01)and lower concentrations of C3(P<0.05)than patients with mild D3 deficiency.Furthermore,the 'full-house' patients with all 5 antibodies(IgG,IgA,IgM,-C3 and Clq)positive in renal biopsy had lower level of vitamin D3(P<0.05).Conclusion The vitamin D serum concentrations are inversely related to the disease activity and severity. |
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