| Stress-introduced gastric ulcer(SGU)refers to the stomach,esophagus,or duodenum caused by various severe stresses(such as psychological stress,severe trauma,shock,and infection)Acute intestinal mucosa erosion,ulcers,etc.,severe symptoms such as perforation,major bleeding,endangering patients' lives.Epidemiological investigation shows that psychological stress disorder is closely related to the occurrence of stress ulcer bleeding.As the pace of life continues to accelerate.the burden of emotional management continues to increase,and the prevention and treatment of stress ulcers has attracted attention from all walks of life.Current research suggests that the pathogenesis of SGU is related to the dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system,the dynamic imbalance of gastric mucosal damage factors and defense factors.In recent years,studies have shown that chronic stress can reduce the richness and diversity of the intestinal flora,and the intestinal flora can also pass through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPA)affects the body's stress level and stress behavior.During severe stress,pain,and depression,the brain-gut axis can cause changes in the intestinal flora by regulating brain-gut peptides and regulating inflammatory responses,thus triggering the degranulation release of mast cells,leading to the activation of the HPA axis and causing gastric mucosa Reduced blood flow,hydrogen ions diffuse into the gastrointestinal mucosa],causing gastric ulcers.Gastric ulcer belongs to the category of"stomach pain" in traditional Chinese medicine.Modern research has found that acupuncture and moxibustion are mainly used in the treatment of stomach pain and Zusanli.A large number of modern studies have shown that acupuncture can effectively reverse gastric mucosal injury by regulating the intestinal flora,regulating brain-gut peptides and regulating gastrointestinal motility,and plays an important role in the prevention of stress gastric ulcers and the recovery of gastrointestinal function..Therefore,in this experiment,the effects of acupuncture "Baihui"(GV20),"Zhongwan"(CV12)and "Zusanli"(ST36)on the intestinal flora of SGU rats were observed,and the mechanism of acupuncture to promote SGU recovery was explored from the perspective of intestinal flora.ObjectiveIn this experiment,the effects of acupuncture "Baihui"(GV20),"Zhongwan"(CV12)and "Zusanli"(ST36)on the intestinal flora of rats with SGU were observed to explore the mechanism of acupuncture to promote SGU recovery.MethodsSD rats were randomly divided into vacant group(7 rats),model group(8 rats),acupuncture group(8 rats)and drug group(8 rats).Except the blank group,the model group,acupuncture group and drug group were used to establish SGU model by the improved method of RWIS(restraint immersion stress method).After modeling,the blank group and the model group were fixed and bound for 20 min·d-1 for 5 days;the acupuncture group selected rats "Baihui"(GV20),"Zhongwan"(CV12)and bilateral "Zusanli"(ST36)points for acupuncture intervention,20 min·d-1,every 5 minutes for 30 seconds,for 5 days;the drug group selected omeprazole enteric coated tablets,according to the dose of 0.2 mg·L-1·d-1,for 5 days.Guth method was used to calculate the damage index of gastric mucosa,HE staining method was used to observe the pathological changes of gastric mucosa,and 16SrDNA sequencing was used to detect the structural abundance of intestinal flora.Results1.Comparison of gastric mucosal damage index(GMDI)in each group:compared with the blank group,the gastric mucosal damage index in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Contrasted with the model group,the injury index of gastric mucosa in acupuncture group and drug group decreased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05).The injury index of gastric mucosa in acupuncture group was slightly lower than that in drug group(P<0.01).2.Comparison of gastric histopathology in each group:after he staining,it can be seen under the light microscope that the gastric mucosa of the blank group has no pathological change,the epithelium is complete,the structure is clear,there is no erosion,the epithelial cells have no shedding,the mucosa glands are arranged orderly,and there is no inflammatory cell infiltration.In the model group,the epithelium of gastric mucosa was incomplete,the number of glands was decreased,the arrangement was disordered,the mucosa was obviously congested and edematous,a large number of red blood cells were seen to exude,and the cells of gastric mucosa were swollen and necrotic.In the acupuncture group,the structure of most gastric mucosa was relatively complete,with a small amount of red blood cells seeping out and a small amount of cells necrosis occasionally.In the western medicine group,the structure of gastric mucosa was basically complete,with a small amount of red blood cells seeping out,slight edema of mucosa,and some cells falling off and necrosis.3.Comparison of intestinal microflora of rats in each group(1)The results of a diversity analysis:compared with the blank group,the richness index of intestinal flora in the model group decreased(P<0.05),the diversity index Shannon decreased(P<0.05),and the Simpson index increased(P<0.05);contrasted with the model group,the richness index of intestinal flora in the acupuncture and the drug groups both increased(P<0.05),and the diversity index increased(P<0.05)Shannon increased(P<0.05),Simpson index declined(P<0.05);there was non-obvious difference between acupuncture group and drug group(P>0.05).(2)? diversity analysis results:PCoA analysis of rat intestinal flora showed that the contribution of PC1 and PC2 was 18.95%and 10.72%,and the distribution density and spatial distance of each group in the plan were different.The distribution of the blank group was concentrated in the lower right with similar distance,which could effectively distinguish the blank group and the rest three groups;the distribution of the other three groups was large,which could not be effectively distinguished,but it could be observed that The space distance between acupuncture group and drug group was closer to that of blank group.The F value was 1.2469,P value was 0.045,less than 0.05,which indicated that there was significant difference between the acupuncture group and drug group.(3)The results of species annotation and evaluation:at the level of taxonomic classification,the sum of Bacteroides and sclerecta in each group was more than 80%of the total microbial community.Compared with the blank group,the proportion of Bacteroides in the model group decreased,but the proportion of sclerenchyma increased(P>0.05);contrasted with the model group,the proportion of Bacteroides in the acupuncture group and the drug group increased,while the proportion of sclerenchyma decreased,but the normal proportion did not recover,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).At the class level,bacteroidea in each group was more than 50%of the total microbial community.Compared with the blank group,the proportion of Bacteroides in the model group declined,and there was no-significant difference(P>0.05);compared with the model group,the proportion of Bacteroides in the acupuncture group and the drug group increased,but did not return to the normal proportion,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).In addition,sphingolipids only appeared in the model group,and its proportion was in the top 10 of the model group at the class classification level.Conclusion1.RWIS can cause gastric mucosa damage and stress gastric ulcer in rats.2.Acupuncture can effectively improve SGU induced gastric mucosal injury.3.The dominant phylum of rat intestinal microflora is Bacteroides and pachytene.Compared with pachytene,Bacteroides is more susceptible to SGU interference.4.Acupuncture at "Baihui"(GV20),"Zhongwan"(CV12)and,"Zusanli,(ST36)points can increase the diversity of flora,adjust the proportion of probiotics,and promote the correction of intestinal flora level.5.There was no significant difference in the effect of acupuncture and drug intervention on increasing the diversity of flora and adjusting the proportion of probiotics. |
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