Qian Shisheng Research

Qian Shi-sheng,who is known as "Mr.Wen Zhen",is an outstanding scholar.He is the author of ten volumes of the collection of ciyu,68 volumes of the Southern Song Dynasty,10 volumes of the chronicles of the Emperor’s Ming Dynasty,four volumes of the Book of the Yi of the Sun Guo,and twelve volumes of the Book of zhouyikui.Qianshi belongs to Donglin School and Eastern Zhejiang Schoo.,In Chongzhen period,in the official residence of the Ministry of Rites and Cabinet of the University,the Ming Dynasty as a leader of the great Confucianism scholars are respected by people.From the perspective of history,this paper attempts to study Qian Shisheng from the perspectives of Qian Shisheng’s life story,Qian Shisheng’s historical work-the Southern Song Dynasty Book,and Qian Shisheng’s historical thought.And try to analyze Qian Shisheng’s people,his affairs,his character and his thoughts more deeply and concretely.The following is a general summary of the thesis:Chapter 1.Introduced and integrated Qian Shisheng’s life stories,friendships and academic origins,including:I.Qian Shisheng’s life of study,official career,and what Qian Shisheng did after his appointment in three years of Wanli calendar(in 1574)to the nine years of Shunzhi calendar(in 1653),especially focusing on Qian Shisheng’s study situations,the contradictions and conflicts which accumulated gradually with Emperor Chongzhen,the active relief after the resignation of officials,the uprising after the death of Ming Dynasty and so on.II.About Qian Shisheng’s friendships with teachers Gu Xiancheng,Gao Panlong,Qian Longxi,his colleagues Wei Dazhong,Wen Zhenmeng,Yao Ximeng,and Li Banghua,as well as with Corporal Hsu Chung-hee and disciple Qian.As the old saying know a man by meeting his friends.Through the study of the communication between teachers and friends of Qian Shisheng,it is helpful to probe into Qian Shisheng’s mind and moral character.His words and deeds,such as the exchange of letters on major issues-anti-Eunuchs,,are also helpful in studying Qian Shisheng’s changes in his feelings when he experiences these events.III.The origin of Qian Shisheng’s thought is the pursuit of "practical learning",loyalty to the emperor and the people,and so on.from the Donglin school and the eastern Zhejiang school,Chapter 2It is a relatively systematic and comprehensive analysis of Qian Shisheng’s most important historical work-the Book of the Southern Song Dynasty,which mainly includes:I.It shows that the edition evolution and revision time of the Book of the Southern Song Dynasty.There are two editions of the Book of the Southern Song Dynasty-60 volumes and 68 volumes.The edition of 68 volumes are now available in the world.However,the author of the Book of Southern Song Dynasty did not mention it,according to Yang Xu-min ’s study of the book of Southern Song Dynasty after nine years of revision of the Book of the Southern Song Dynasty in Chongzhen.According to the data,the author speculated that the book of the Southern Song Dynasty was revised two years after Shunzhi.II.To explore the reasons why Qian Shisheng wrote the Book of the Southern Song Dynasty,the author thinks in three aspects:1.simplify it by cutting out the superfluous.In view of the fact that "the history of the Song Dynasty" was too miscellaneous,Qian Shisheng cut off the part of the "history of the Song Dynasty" in the Southern Song Dynasty,and imitate Wang Cheng’s "A brief History of the East,"to write "the Book of the Southern Song Dynasty.".2.Add character stories in it.In his biography,Qian Shisheng added more than 110 people to the history of the Song Dynasty,such as Zheng Sixiao,Wang Yuanliang,he Zhu,Ma Wei,Xie Qian,Tang Zhongyou,and so on,and the records were more perfect.3..In the Qing Dynasty with strict written ban,the contemporary history of Song Dynasty was reflected.So it is the cultural consciousness from scholars is to elaborate events on Song dynasty instead of Ming dynasty.As Mr.Zhao Yuan said:"It is easy for poeple to talk about events on song dynasty.and when people are in the Ming and Qing dynasties,they took the Song Dynasty as a self-description.”III.An analysis of the style of the Book of the Southern Song Dynasty:1.Qian Shisheng did not set up a record or a table,instead on the whole,a kind of like Wang Cheng’s "Dongdu Strategy".2.There is no "Daoist Biography",and there is no separate biography of the traitors and defectors.The reason why Qian Shisheng did not set up a "biography of Taoism" was that according to the view of Siku Guanchen"he can follow the ancient example to not divide the biography of" Taoism "and"Confucianism ".So it can sweep away bias.However,Qian Shisheng did not write biography for traitors which was in line with the style of "Dongdu Shi Shi".another reason was that the "biography of traitor" and "biography of betrayal" established inthe history of Song Dynasty were not objective.By contract the characters were still listed among the people.Let the readers identify the character’s loyalty,good and evil.3 Classify the events by its characteristics with,a large number of class transmission.Qian Shisheng followed the "Song history" such as Confucianism,Wenyuan,officials,Fang,martyrs,foreign relatives and sycophaneity,and copied the style of Rulin and Wenyuan,Xunli,Fangji,Lienv,Waiqi,Ningxin.He also imitates books in han and late han dynasty to add Kushi,Duxing,Yimin,eunuchs and other biographies.These are classified according to certain connections or similar deeds that exist between the characters.The use of the genre can streamline the content of the content,avoid duplication of content.another reason is to put the related characters in a biography,so that readers can understand each others’ relationship and the role of the relevant characters at that time.IV.The contents of the Book of the Southern Song Dynasty are analyzed and summarized as follows:1.Add and delete the characters and historical events contained in the History of Song Dynasty.2.To supplement the historical materials not contained in the History of the Song Dynasty,For example,Qian Shisheng adds the the story of "du Chong,Zhang Xiao-chun,Liu Yuzhuan" to join the Golden vulgarity to cross the river in the "Fan Zongyin Zhuan",he added the Song Gaozong Yue Zhou sailing affair,in "Wang Boyan’s biography",the appendix Gao Zong ran south,and in the "Zhang Jun Zhuan",the appendix was the Jin Dynasty and self-describing things and so on.3.Erasing the strange things contained in the History of Song Dynasty and the rank of officials.V.Historical characteristics.I.Qian Shisheng made a historical theory,hoping to highlight the role of the thought and morality of "loyalty to the monarch" by commending loyal officials and righteous people.II.Qian Shisheng also summed up the reasons for the decline and death of the Southern Song Dynasty through historical theories.One is the stupidity of the Lord.The second is the miscarriage of the country.III.Qian Shisheng expressed his different views on the characters through historical theory.IV.Qian Shisheng expressed his mind through historical theory,comparing with his personal situation.VI.This paper analyzes the deficiency of the Book of the Southern Song Dynasty.Although "the Southern Song Dynasty Book" added a lot of characters and historical materials that "Song History" does not have,there are many places which are not describe clearly,and the added historical data part also did not indicate thesource.This is not conducive to next generations to use and identify the relevant materials.Qian Shisheng did not correct some mistakes in the history of the Song Dynasty.VII.It explores the value of the book of the Southern Song Dynasty.Qian Shisheng’s Book of the Southern Song Dynasty adds a lot of historical materials and figures which are not found in the History of the Song Dynasty,which provides important historical value for us to study the history of the Southern Song Dynasty.The in-depth study of the book of the Southern Song Dynasty can help us to grasp Qian Shisheng’s thought and help us to study the character of Qian Shisheng,further more to grasp the situation and the time thought of scholars’ revision of Song history in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.Chapter 3:This paper analyzes Qian Shisheng’s thought of historiography,which mainly includes two aspects:I.The content of Qian Shisheng’s historiography thought is,the thought of loyalty to the monarch,the practical application of the world and the direct writing of the book rather than the theology of prophecy.II.Explore the value and influence of Qian Shisheng’s thought.The study of Qian Shisheng’s thought is also helpful to probe into the thoughts of the people in Ming Dynasty’s.The study of Qian Shisheng’s thought of historiography is also helpful to grasp the research of Song history by scholars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,as well as related issues such as Song and Ming dynasty.In a word,Qian Shisheng had a magnificent life experience.By studying his life storis and his historical works-the Southern Song Dynasty Book,we are able to know Qian Shisheng more clearly,objectively,and comprehensively by connecting with the background of the times in which he lived.It is also expected that this figure will have a deeper understanding of the society and intellectuals of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.