A Probe Into The Usage Of Chinese "?" In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Early Republic Of China

The late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China was an important stage of Chinese transition from ancient vernacular to modern vernacular and contemporary Chinese language.The Chinese language of the period,both grammar and vocabulary,has shown a distinct characteristic of ancient Chinese and contemporary Chinese language,and the numerous and consistent Vernacular newspaper could reflect the language of this period,which are the very important corpus to study the the rules of language during this time.Therefore,we selected the representative ten kinds of vernacular newspapers through the time of late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China as corpus,using the combination of synchronic description and diachronic analysis method,tring to reveal the regularity of appearance of the attributive signs De(?).This paper is divided into eight parts: Part one,introduction.By briefly describe the research object,research survey and the corpus,the preliminary judgment should be analyzed from more aspects to the hidden situation of the word De(?).In the second part,the occurance of the word De(?)between the attributive noun and the heart word.In the vernacular newspapers of the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China,the word De(?)has a certain tendency,but in most cases,it can be implicit or visible.Among them,the nominal component can be a single syllable noun,a double syllable noun,a polysyllabic noun and a noun phrase.The analysis shows that in the structure of D+X,the word De(?)tends to be implied,but it also appears,but only in a few cases.In the structure of D+XX and D+XXX,the word De(?)usually appear.In the structure of DD+X,the word De(?)is usually implied,but it can also appear,especially when DD indicates the name of the country.In DD+XX and DD+XXX,the word De(?)appears more often.Similarly,in the structure of DDD+X,DDD+XX and DDD+XXX,the word De(?)usually appeared,but there are also very few implicit examples.The third part is "the invisibility of verbal attributive and the word De(?)".In the vernacular newspaper during the time of the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China,the verbal components can be attributive.The verbal components that act as attributives can be monosyllabic verbs,disyllabic verbs,polysyllabic verbs,and verbal phrases.The analysis shows that in the D+X structure,the word De(?)tends to be implied,but there are also a few cases that De(?)could appear.However,in other structures,including D+XX,DD+X,DD+XX structure,De(?)is generally inclined to appear,but there are also some hidden situations,such as " living time ".In the fourth part,"attributive adjective and the word De(?)".In this period,descriptive components can be described as attributive,the appearance of the word De(?)can be more complex.Attributive adjectives can be monosyllabic adjectives,disyllabic adjectives,polysyllabic adjectives and adjective phrases.The analysis shows that,when the attributive is monosyllabic,including D+X,D+XX,D+XXX structure,the word De(?)often implicit,but there are also a few cases appearing.When attributive is two-chapter and multi-syllable,including DD+X,DD+XX,DD+XXX,DDD+X,DDD+XX structure,attributive sign De(?)is inclined to appear,but also implicit in a few cases.The fifth part,"numeral words,quantifiers attributive and the appearance of the word De(?)".In the vernacular newspapers of the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China,when the words and quantifiers were used as attributives,the word De(?)could be hidden in most cases although there was a certain tendency.The analysis shows that the the word De(?)often implicit when it follows the attributive word "many".Numerals can be combined with individual quantifiers,collective quantifiers,weights and measures,borrowed quantifiers and time-quantifiers in sentences.Pronouns can also be used as attributives in sentences.Among them,the numeral + individual quantifiers,the numeral + collective measure words,numerals,weights and measures,the numeral + borrow quantification and pronoun + quantifier attributive,the word De(?)implied more,but it can be appeared in a few situations,while the word De(?)tends to appear when the numeral+quantifier is attributive.The sixth part,"the pronoun attributive and the appearance of the word De(?)".In the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China,the word De(?)has a certain tendency.Analysis shows that the when the personal pronoun is used as attributive,the nominal component of the heart word can be related to the relationship,social relations,body parts,physiological phenomena,spiritual views,regions,groups,native place,and the word De(?)usually appear,and there are also implicit examples.When the pronoun is demonstrative,the word De(?)usually appear.When interrogative pronoun is attributive,when the attributive word indicates to emphasize the semantic,the word De(?)is more likely to appear,when the interrogative pronouns emphasize the whole concept,the word De(?)often implied.The seventh part is "other attributive and the appearance of the word De(?)".When the other attributive modifies the heart word,if the semantic emphasis the heart word,and the word De(?)tends to imply.The body is composed of semantic attribute + heart word is predicative and eccentric,the words De(?)tend to appear.To sum up,In the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the usage of the symbol is still not very stable.It often shows a situation which can be appeared and implicit,mainly in two aspects: first,the place which should be implied in contemporary Chinese language can be revealed in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.One is the place that should appear in contemporary Chinese language,but it can be implied in the Vernacular newspapers of late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.This situation is related to the coexistence of both old and new factors in the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China.