A Monographic Study Of Chinese Vocabulary In The Late Qing Dynasty And Early Republic Of China

The late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China played an important role in the development of Chinese vocabulary.Wang Li once pointed out that from the Opium War in 1840 to the May 4th Movement in 1919 was an excessive stage of modern development.The decrease and disappearance of linguistic features(old qualities)in the former stage,and the emergence and development of linguistic features(new qualities)in the latter stage are most prominent in this stage,as are lexical expressions.But from the perspective of the history of Chinese lexicon,people's research on this period is not deep enough.So far,there has not been a comprehensive study of the vocabulary of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.The study of vocabulary in this period is mostly focused on the study of special book vocabulary or loanwords,so many aspects have not been touched or studied deeply.Therefore,it is of high academic value to study and discuss vocabulary comprehensively and systematically.Based on this,we selected the Chinese vocabulary in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China as the object of study,and preliminarily attempted to describe and analyze the vocabularies in this period relatively comprehensively.There are 5 chapters in this paper.Chapter 1 is the introduction,which mainly introduces the general situation of vocabulary research in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the purpose,the significance,the research content,scope,methods and source of corpus.Chapter 2 is the first topic of this paper.We mainly investigate the emergence and disappearance of vocabulary in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.In the emerging part of new words,we mainly focus on the new meanings of new words and forms.Focus on the source of new words,the main areas of new words,the characteristics of new words and other aspects of research.The neologisms in this period mainly came from local neologisms and free translations.These neologisms mainly appeared in politics,economy,science and education,literature and art,military,law,medicine,transportation and other fields.They also showed the characteristics of disyllabic words,increased number of trisyllabic words,uneven structure types of compound words,diversified parts of speech and strong transitionality.In addition,the lexicalization of phrases in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China also increased the number of new words to a certain extent,mainly in the lexicalization of verb-object phrases and coordinate phrases.The disappearance of vocabulary of the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of Republic of China in modern times is mainly embodied in nouns and verbs,accounting for about 90.6%.Nouns dominate the two,followed by adjectives,while the number of other types of words is less.In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the elimination of vocabularies in modern times was the result of both external and internal causes.The external causes are mainly the disappearance of old things or phenomena and the change of people's consciousness,while the internal causes are mainly the substitution and differentiation of words.The third chapter is the second topic of this article.In this chapter,we start from two angles: compound words and derivative words.In compound words,we mainly investigate the use of compound words in both morphemes and heteromorphic words.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the inverse morphemes of compound contracts were mainly verbs,nouns and adjectives,but adverbs and prepositions were less.On the type of structure,the "Union-union" is the absolute proportion,and the other types are limited.In terms of inheritance and rebirth,most of the compound morpheme reverse words come from the inheritance of the previous generation,and a few of them are composed of old and new members.However,the number of rebirths totally in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China is very small.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the retention of compound morpheme words in modern Chinese mainly consisted of "two words coexist" and "one deposit and one concealment" and the number of "two words coexist and concealed" was relatively small.The compound disyllabic words in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China accounted for absolute proportion of disyllabic words on syllables,and fewer syllables in three syllables.In terms of structure type,the combination type accounts for about half of the proportion,followed by verb-object and deviation,the number of other types is not large.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,compound abnormal words also mainly come from the inheritance of the previous generation of vocabulary,the number of new and old members of the abnormal words is not large,the least completely new.The main types of semantic relations of compound heteromorphisms are synonym and synonym inclusion,and the types of semantic overlapping are relatively few.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the majority of compound abnormal words are coexistence,the second is existence and concealment,and the few are a group of abnormal words.In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the existence of compound heteromorphic words was mainly caused by the existence of heteromorphic characters,common and false characters,as well as the existence of morphemes with homonym or pronunciation close,meaning overlapping or originally related.In the study of derivatives,we mainly inspect the inheritance of prefixes in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,and sample the use and development of prefixes in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,as well as the new situation of prefixes in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.It is found that the prefixes were basically inherited in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,and most of the six prefixes sampled from the survey had obvious development in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,and a few had little change.In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the new affixes were mainly quasi-affixes,which were produced under the influence of Japanese translation,and also developed and changed in modern Chinese.The fourth chapter is the third topic of this article,that is,the lexical meaning of the words in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.Through the diachronic comparison of lexical meaning,color meaning and grammatical meaning,this paper investigates the development of the meaning of pre-pronouns in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,as well as the development and evolution of the meaning of words in modern Chinese in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.It is found that there are many similarities in the development of lexical meaning between the two.For example,in the development of lexical meaning,the number of enlargement,contraction and transfer of lexical meaning is relatively small,while the addition and subtraction of lexical meaning is obvious;the development and evolution of emotional meaning is not prominent enough;the development and evolution of grammatical meaning are obvious.And so on.But there are also many differences between them,for example,in terms of lexical meaning,many special words in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are in the process of lexical meaning generalization,the former generation of vocabulary in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China did not see this phenomenon;the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China vocabulary in the modern sense of rich and deepened,and the previous generation of vocabulary in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic In terms of color meaning,the emotional color meaning of Ci in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China is more varied in modern types,and has a prominent performance in the evolution of stylistic color.Chapter 5 is the conclusion,which summarizes the basic conclusions drawn from each chapter of this paper,and and the innovation of this paper.