The Real Situation Of Confucian Scholars' Succumbing In "Xu Xiake's Travel Notes"

During the Spring and Autumn Period,Confucius lectured and traveled around the country to create a Confucian school.Afterwards,after the inheritance and development of Mencius,Xunzi and others,the content of Confucian learning became more abundant.In the Western Han Dynasty,after Confucianism was played by Dong Zhong shu,Confucianism was adopted by Han Wu di.Han Wu di adopted the cultural policy of "abandoning hundreds of people and exclusively advocating Confucianism".Confucianism established the status of orthodox guiding ideology and deeply influenced the cultural and educational policies of later dynasties.Confucianism is an important component of Chinese traditional culture and is the mainstream ideology of ancient Chinese society.The development of educational activities has a close relationship with Confucianism."Xu Xiake's Travel Notes"(referred to as "travel" for convenience)is a classic Chinese classic.It is Xu Xiake's life-long work.It is rich in content,all-inclusive,such as natural wonders,road traffic,city Settlements,local customs,religious beliefs,war and so on.The Travel is not just a "geography book" commonly used by the academic circles.It is also a historical book or a literary book.The author prefers it to be a literary book with aesthetic characteristics.The richness of the content of "Travel Notes" can make us read it from many angles."Travel" in a various characters,monk and taoist priest,business,officals,literati,toast,soldiers and so on,read the various characters in the book as it is now.Through the combing of academic history,this article focuses on the Confucian scholars recorded in the book,that is,scholars who study Confucian studies.The full text is divided into two chapters to discuss:Chapter 1 The first section of this chapter is an overview of the overall situation of Confucian scholars in ancient China.From the Pre-qin period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the first generation of scholars used to describe the brief situation of Confucian scholars in each era.The elaboration of Confucianism often needs to explain the general situation of Confucian academic thought in that era.Confucianism in Han Dynasty is by no means a simple reprint of Confucianism in the Pre-qin period.Many components of Buddhism in the Song and Ming Dynasties were called "New Confucianism".The history of Confucianism is part of the history of Confucianism.The exploration of Confucianism is the question and reflection of Confucianism.In addition,the imperial examination system is closely related to Confucianism.This chapter also includes the brief history of imperial examinations.The second,third,fourth and fifth sections of this chapter are the basic contents of the full text.They carefully sort out the situation of the vast majority of scholars in the Travels.According to the "travel" Confucian scholars are divided into four categories,namely "mountain temple view","academy","contemporary temple","books,mountain buildings,villas,ancestral hall."Hills Temple View" refers to the Buddhist temples or Taoist temples in the mountains.Xu Xiake's travels are mostly sparsely populated with beautiful scenery.Many scholars often read in the Taoist temple and coexist.The "college" can be divided into two categories:government and private.The academy has played an important role in education and academic exchange in ancient China.There are records about the academies in the Travels,such as Bailu dong Academy,Bailu Academy,HengYang shigu Academy and so on.The"Confucian Temple" is a place where the holes are worshipped and respected.Most local governments at all levels in the Ming and Qing dynasties have built and some scholars have chosen to study in the Confucian Temple.The "Library" was recorded in many places in the "Travel Notes" and was mostly founded by the family.The"Shan lou/Villa" was built by the local authority.The "Ancestral Hall" was a memorial to the meritorious person and was remembered by the descendants which can read or study.This chapter uses the original text of "Travel Notes" as the sequence of writing.It explains in detail the "who knows what?When?Where do they study?How do they study their lives,what kind of thoughts,emotions and academic thinking?" and so on.At the end of the Ming dynasty,the Ming dynasty had already been plagued by peasant uprisings and the Manchus,the building of the Zhu ming Dynasty,which had been building for more than 200 years,would lean.The reading life in this era is in troubled times.They go to Shan lin Temple and other places to read and study,to avoid the scourge and the disturbing world,in order to make the school rise to school.These four categories are difficult to categorize.It is possible that a Confucian student will study in different places at different times,and some libraries will be in temples.This article only makes a brief classification of the Confucian student's reading life in The Travels.This classification is also for the convenience of writing and reading.The second chapter is "What are the reasons for the scholars to study at the"Views of the Mountain Temple"?" This is the focus of the discussion in this chapter.This chapter is divided into three sections,which are academic thoughts,personal preferences and family strengths,and imperial examinations.The analysis of the reasons starts from these three aspects.