The Study Of Kazakh Intonation Based On Communicative Function

Intonation refers to all suprasegmental phenomena such as pitch,duration,intensity,and timbre in the language stream.Intonation system study of Kazakh language should proceed from intonation function,and should determine all the basic communication functions of intonation,and study the corresponding expression form of the function.This paper is mainly based on the idea of function-based intonation model-PENTA model.Through strictly controlled phonetic experiment and using speech analyzer software such as Praat,the intonation coding of different language functions in Kazakh is studied The first part conducts a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the intonation in Kazakh language,and the results are summarized as follows.1.The basic characteristic of the unmarked statement intonation in Kazakh language is a regular decline.Study of the pitch of long sentences and short sentences showed that target syllables showed significant differences in the middle of the sentence and no significant differences at the beginning and the end of the sentence.So the sentence length has no obvious effect on the intonation of the statement 2.The main characteristic of the intonation of interrogative sentence in Kazakh language is that the pitch rises dramatically at the end of the sentence.From the perspective of comparing intonation function of statement and question,while the pitch of declarative sentence drops rapidly,the pitch of interrogative sentence rises rapidly.3.Two or more functions can be stacked together and achieved through intonation.The functions include:focus,sentence pattern,emotion,and attitude.4.The focus(s(?)z ekpini)is mainly reflected in the rising pitch of focus word,the widening of pitch range,the increase of energy,and the lengthening of duration.The pitch of the word before focus was not reflected.For the word after focus,the pitch declined and the duration was compressed,and the trend of compression last to the end of the sentence.The realization pattern of double focus in Kazakh language is two-peak pattern.The focus maintains its own coding style in statement and question,while affecting coding style of the intonation.The difference between statement and question does not only express on the syllable at the end of the sentences.From the position of the focus,intonation declines in declarative sentence and rises in interrogative sentence.But in the last syllable,the pitch rises and falls more prominently.The second part conducts a descriptive classification of the characteristics of Kazak’s emotional rhythm.7.Emotion and attitude are one of the main functions of the research of intonation,so this paper summarized previous emotional research ideas and conducted phonetic analysis on basic emotions and a series of attitude information such as joy,anger,fear,and sadness.8.Intonation of imperative sentence realized in the pure tone is studied.The emotion and attitude information in the imperative sentence is described by imposing the imperative direction and three factors:the issuer,the performer,and the imperative content.The imperative sentence includes:order,prohibition,request,dissuasion,and etc.