Research On Passive Sentences In "Historical Records"

Historical Records is a very classic work in the Western Han Dynasty,and it is also the first general history of biography in China.Mr.Lu Xun called it "Perfect Song of all Historians,Unrhymed Epic of National Charm ",which shows its position and value in the history of literature.In fact,as an encyclopedic work,the significance and value of Historical Records are not only reflected in literary history,but also in linguistics.Sima Qian combines the spoken and written languages of that time,which truly reflects the language usage of that period.As a result,Historical Records has its own characteristics in pronunciation,vocabulary and grammar,and plays a vital role in the study of Chinese history.Up to now,we have not found a special book on passive sentences in Historical Records,so this paper finally chooses the passive sentences in Historical Records as the research object.Try to achieve comprehensive understanding of passive sentences in Historical Records,and to grasp the development of passive sentences in Western Han Dynasty and ancient Chinese,and to provide certain contributions about the study of ancient Chinese grammar.It should be pointed out that the passive sentences here refer to the passive sentences with formal marks,so the passive sentences with invisible marks are not in the scope of this study.The full text is divided into the following five parts:The first part is the introduction,which mainly introduces the research status of passive sentences in ancient Chinese and the grammar of Historical Records,the significance of the topic,the content and method of the research,and the source of the corpus.The second part is the study of passive structure types in Historical Records.It mainly makes exhaustive statistics on passive sentences in Historical Records.It finds that there are 255 passive sentences in Historical Records,and classifies these passive sentences in order to discover their structural characteristics.The third part is the component analysis of passive sentences in Historical Records.Firstly,we divide the components of passive sentences into two categories,one is immutable components which Sign word,and the other is variable components which can be replaced variables.From two aspects to research the grammaticalization process of passive markers such as "be" and "suffer" as well as the specific composition of the variables such as the patient and the agent are investigated.The fourth part is the study of the semantics and pragmatics of passive sentences in Historical Records.The study of semantics mainly includes two aspects: one is the study of the basic semantics of passive sentences in Historical Records;the other is the study of the extended meaning of passive sentences in Historical Records.Pragmatic research also includes two aspects: one is the analysis of the pragmatic motivation of passive sentences;the other is the study of the focus expression of pragmatic information of passive sentences.The fifth part is the diachronic comparison of the passive sentences in Historical Records.It compares the passive sentences in Historical Records with those in Zuo Zhuan,New Anecdotes of social Talk and Heroes of the Marshes,which are representative works in ancient times,medieval times and modern times.It finds out the characteristics of the passive sentences in Historical Records,and tries to reveal the passive sentences of evolution.