Research On The Image And Subject Matter Of Ganoderma Lucidum In Ancient Chinese Literature

Ganoderma lucidum is a fungal organism with medical value.Modern science and technology have a clear understanding of its medical role.However,in ancient Chinese society,the cultural significance of Ganoderma lucidum is far greater than its medical value.Ancient Ganoderma lucidum is considered to be a kind of elixir that can grow and prolong life.It is also considered to be a kind of auspicious Ruicao.The two basic connotations of Ganoderma lucidum culture are composed of elixir and Ruicao.Because of the ancient people's pursuit of longevity and auspiciousness,the glorious Ganoderma lucidum culture tide has formed in China.With the development of ancient Ganoderma lucidum culture,Ganoderma lucidum,as an important image and subject matter,entered the field of literary writing.From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties,many Ganoderma lucidum literary works appeared.This topic takes Ganoderma lucidum imagery and subject matter in ancient literature as the main research object,as well as important issues such as the research of Ganoderma lucidum names and objects,the formation of Ganoderma lucidum culture,etc.The thesis is mainly divided into the following chapters:Chapter one: The study on what Ganoderma lucidum is.The issue of Ganoderma lucidum is extremely complex.First of all,the concept of Ganoderma lucidum is different in ancient and modern times.Modern concept of Ganoderma lucidum refers to Ganoderma species in a narrow sense and Ganodermataceae in a broad sense.Ancient concept of Ganoderma lucidum is broader than modern concept of Ganoderma lucidum,which roughly corresponds to the present Ganodermataceae family in a narrow sense.The broad scope includes not only Ganodermataceae family,but also some non-fungal mythical plant and ore material.Secondly,there are many aliases of Ganoderma lucidum recorded in ancient Chinese books.The commonly used aliases of Ganoderma lucidum are Junzhi(Zhijun),Sanxiu,Zhiying,and Zhicao.There are other aliases of Ganoderma lucidum,such as Xiu(Zhi),Kemingcao,Muzhen,Junchun,Shouqian,Xiyi,Yaocao,etc.There are also some species which are named by the word "Zhi",but is not Ganoderma lucidum,such as Tuzhi,Dizhi,Shuizhi,Zezhi,Sesame and so on.Finally,it shows people's misunderstanding of the allusion of "Zhilan House".Zhi in "Zhilan" in Qin and Han Dynasties does not refer to Ganoderma lucidum,but refer to such plants as Angelica dahurica.Chapter two: The establishment of Ganoderma lucidum's elixir and Ruizao position.Chinese Ganoderma lucidum culture originated in the pre-Qin period.Immortal medicine and Ruicao are two basic connotations of Ganoderma lucidum culture.The formation of these two connotations has a development process and was finally established in the Han Dynasty.The connotation of Ganoderma lucidum immortal medicine can be traced back to the late Warring States Period.Itsformation is closely related to the nourishing effect of Ganoderma lucidum itself and the culture of Chu witch.After many times of emperors' quest for immortal medicine in Qin and Han Dynasties,the status of Ganoderma lucidum immortal medicine was finally established in Han Dynasty.The auspicious connotation of Ganoderma lucidum can be traced back to the period of Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty.The essence of Ganoderma lucidum Ruizao is derived from its immortal medicine connotation.In addition to the specific trend of thought of heaven-man induction in the Western Han Dynasty,it is inevitable for Ganoderma lucidum to move from immortal grass to Ruizao.But inevitability lies in contingency.The direct cause of the connotation of Ganoderma lucidum auspiciousness is the Ganquan Palace producing Ganoderma lucidum in the second year of Yuanfeng.Ganquan Palace is the place where Emperor Wudi worshipped heaven.It has extraordinary political significance to produce Ganoderma lucidum and Xiancao here.After Emperor Wu,the emperors of Han Dynasty all took Ganoderma lucidum as auspicious,and finally established the connotation of Ganoderma lucidum Ruizao in Han Dynasty.Ganoderma lucidum culture continued to develop after the Han Dynasty and reached a climax in the Tang and Song Dynasties,but its cultural connotation did not jump out of the pattern of Han Dynasty immortals and Ruicao.Chapter Three: The development of Ganoderma lucidum's literary imagery and theme.The development of Ganoderma lucidum's imagery and theme can be divided into four periods.Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties were the beginning of Ganoderma lucidum imagery and theme:Ganoderma lucidum as a literary image and theme gradually appeared in people's vision,Ganoderma lucidum imagery began to have basic connotation,Ganoderma lucidum thematic Fu began to appear,at this time the number of writers' works was limited.The Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties are the development period of Ganoderma lucidum imagery and theme:Ganoderma lucidum imagery began to be widely used;Ganoderma lucidum imagery was used in Cao and Wei Dynasties to express the pursuit of long-life travel,Ganoderma lucidum imagery was used in the two Jin Dynasties to express the yearning for immortality,and Ganoderma lucidum imagery was used in the Northern and Southern Dynasties to express the beauty of landscape banquet;at this time,Ganoderma thematic Fu it deserves attention.Tang and Song Dynasty is the mature period of Ganoderma lucidum imagery and theme: the hermit connotation of Ganoderma lucidum imagery is basically stereotyped in Tang Dynasty,which can be used to express Taoist seclusion,scholar seclusion,monk seclusion,and the rise of the allusion tradition of "four Hao collecting ganoderma" symbolizing seclusion;the auspicious connotation of Ganoderma lucidum imagery is basically stereotyped in Song Dynasty,and can be used to express political auspiciousness and folk auspiciousness.These two points mark the maturity of Ganodermalucidum image.The theme of Ganoderma lucidum emerged in the Song Dynasty in the form of poems,CiFu and prose.The prominent artistic level of famous writers marked the maturity of the theme of Ganoderma lucidum.The period of Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties are the continuation of Ganoderma lucidum images and themes.The Ganoderma lucidum images in Yuan Opera have both the elegant and vulgar aspects.The novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties either directly regard Ganoderma lucidum as an important description content or take Ganoderma lucidum as a key clue to promote the development of plots.There are many Ganoderma themes in poems of Ming and Qing Dynasties,among which Ganoderma painting poems are more prominent,There are many masterpieces.Chapter Four: Study on the aesthetic image and implication of Ganoderma lucidum.The aesthetics of Ganoderma lucidum is mainly composed of image aesthetics and implication aesthetics.The aesthetics of Ganoderma lucidum has gone through three stages: the pre-Qin "material practical era";the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties "image aesthetic era";the Tang,Song,Ming and Qing dynasties "implication aesthetic era",and shows three aesthetic characteristics:implication aesthetics is more important than image;image imagination is more important than object;aesthetic inheritance is more important than innovation.As far as the aesthetics of Ganoderma lucidum image is concerned,the ancient records mainly include four aesthetic expressions: the overall image of Ganoderma lucidum and the aesthetics of its roots,stems,leaves and flowers;the color and luster aesthetics of Ganoderma lucidum;the scent aesthetics of Ganoderma lucidum;the dynamic and static posture of Ganoderma lucidum and the posture aesthetics of Ganoderma lucidum in the wind and snow.As far as the aesthetic connotation of Ganoderma lucidum is concerned,the ancient records mainly include two kinds of aesthetics:Ganoderma lucidum Bide and Ganoderma lucidum intended aesthetics.Ganoderma lucidum Bide can be divided into three kinds: the virtue of emperor;the virtue of filial piety;the virtue of sages;the meaning of Ganoderma lucidum can be divided into three kinds: the meaning of immortality;the meaning of longevity;the meaning of auspiciousness.In addition,Ganoderma lucidum image combination is also an important aesthetic form.There are four kinds of common Ganoderma lucidum image combination in literary works: Ganoderma lucidum and Orchid grass,Ganoderma lucidum and Argy wormwood,which express gentleman's morality;Ganoderma lucidum and Sweet-scented osmanthus,Ganoderma lucidum and Baizhu,which express gentleman's seclusion.