Economic Research On Henan Province In The Middle And Late Tang Dynasty

This paper takes Henan Dao in the middle and late Tang Dynasty as the research geographic scope,and studies the evolution of Henan Dao in the middle and late Tang Dynasty,the characteristics of geographical environment,the rise and fall of household registration,and the economic choice of different regions within the region.The first chapter discusses the evolution of the administrative system of Henan Road in the Tang Dynasty.Understanding the prefectures and counties under the jurisdiction of Henan Road in the middle and late Tang Dynasty is the premise of the study.The second chapter discusses the geographical environment characteristics of Henan Road in Tang Dynasty,and divides Henan Road into five geographical units according to the topographic differences.In the third chapter,through the statistical analysis of historical data,we study the rise and fall of Henan Road Hukou in the late Tang Dynasty.By comparing the changes of Henan Road Hukou in different stages,we analyze the reasons and trends of Henan Road Hukou changes.Chapter IV,taking the eastern and western regions of Henan Road as the research objects,discusses the development of local agriculture in the middle and late Tang Dynasty and the phenomenon of spontaneous economic choice based on the local geographical environment.The evolution of administrative system is the primary issue in the study of regional economic history.In the early Tang Dynasty,the world was divided into ten roads,and Henan Road was one of the ten roads of Zhenguan.The number of prefectures and counties led by Henan Road in the Tang Dynasty varied slightly in different periods.By synthesizing two documents such as Tang Shu and Tuzhi of Yuanhe County,Henan Road in the middle and late Tang Dynasty roughly included 28 prefectures,namely Henan Prefecture(now Luoyang in Henan Province today).Guozhou(now Lingbao in Henan Province today),Shanzhou(now Sanmenxia in Henan Province today),Ruzhou now Ruzhou in Henan Province),Zhengzhou(now Zhengzhou in Henan Province),Huazhou(now Huaxian in Henan Province),Bianzhou(now Kaifeng,in Henan Province),Xuzhou(now Xuchang in Henan Province),Chenzhou(now Huaiyang in Henan Province),Caizhou(now Runan in Henan Province),Yingzhou(now Fuyang in Anhui Province),Bozhou(now Bozhou in Anhui Province),Songzhou(now Shangqiu in Henan Province),Xuzhou(now Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province),Sizhou(now Xuyi in Jiangsu Province),Suzhou(now Suzhou in AnhuiProvince),Haizhou(now Lianyungang in Jiangsu Province),Puzhou(now Puyang in Henan Province),Caozhou(now Heze in Shandong Province),Dengzhou(now Penglai in Shandong Province),Laizhou(now Laizhou in Shandong Province),Mizhou(now Zhucheng in Shandong Province),Qingzhou(now Qingzhou in Shandong Province),Yizhou(now Linyi in Shandong Province).Yanzhou(now Jining in Shandong Province),Zizhou(now Zibo in Shandong Province),Qizhou(now Jinan in Shandong Province),Yunzhou(now Dongping in Shandong Province),Haozhou(now Fengyang in Anhui Province).It spans the whole territory of Henan and Shandong,as well as the northern part of Anhui and Jiangsu.The natural environment is the foundation of the social environment,and the social environment will affect the changes of the natural environment.Henan Road in Tang Dynasty was vast and spanned many topographic areas.According to different geographical environments in the region,Henan Road was roughly divided into five geographical units,namely,Eastern Coastal Hilly area,western mountainous area,southern,northern and central plain area.Although the natural environment is the basic condition of local economic development,its impact on the economy is both promoting and limiting.Henan Road is a vast area with complex and diverse topography.At that time,people's ability to transform nature was limited.Therefore,it is of historic significance to study the impact of different geographical environments on the development of agriculture and other economic types in Henan Road region.In ancient China,the rise and fall of population often reflected the rise and fall of social economy in a region.The third chapter of this paper,starting from the literature,discusses the changes of Henan Dao Hukou in the middle and late Tang Dynasty,and mainly divides it into three historical stages:the large reduction of population during the Anshi Rebellion.the growth of population trend from the Anshi Rebellion to the Yuan and the period,and the decrease of population trend from the late Tang to the Five Dynasties.In all stages,except during the Anshi Rebellion,the trend of population change in some areas and in some periods is different from the general trend,which is mainly influenced by war.natural disasters,official governance and population migration.In the middle and late Tang Dynasty,there were differences in economic choices among different regions of Henan Road.Although agriculture was the mainstream of economy,the basis for developing agriculture varied according to different natural conditions in different regions.The differences in development degree were mainly reflected in the plains,mountains and hills.Chapter IV of this paper takes the Coastal Hilly Areas in the eastern part of Henan Dao and the mountainous areas in the western part of Henan Dao as the research objects.The Coastal Hilly Areas in the eastern part of Henan Dao are not suitable for farming,but suitable for mulberry cultivation because of their low hilly topography.At the same time,they are the important producing areas of jute in the northern part,so the textile industry is developed.After the salt policy reform in the middle and late Tang Dynasty,as an important salt producing area,a large number of local people turned from agriculture to salt production.Shaanxi and Kuangzhou in the western part of Henan Dao are limited by the mountainous topography,and the farming area is small.Most of them are concentrated in river valleys and nearby irrigation plains.In order to expand the farming area,local people choose to use the burning method to reclaim mountain wasteland,known as "rock fields",but the harvest is often insufficient due to the adverse natural environment.In the middle and late Tang Dynasty,there were also some groups called "mountain shed" in the Shanguoshan Mountains.In the past,according to the characteristics of their non-settled life and less engaged in agriculture,scholars believed that they belonged to the Hu nationality who moved inland.