Research On Rhetorical Question Markers From The Perspective Of Anti-expectation

The rhetorical sentences of modern Chinese have attracted the attention of a wide range of scholars because of their opposite meanings.The research on the grammar,semantics and pragmatic aspects of rhetorical questions has also been fruitful.Based on this particular sentence pattern,this paper considers that the deep reason for the contradiction is that anti-expectation information appears in the context in which it is located,and rhetorical questions are used to express subjective attitudes contrary to expectations.In the rhetorical question,there are both the counter-question mark that marks the rhetorical question and the anti-expective mark that marks the anti-expectatory information.We find that there is overlap between the two types of marks.Therefore,these two types of markers are selected as the research objects,the distribution of these markers in the rhetorical questions is described,and the general description and case analysis methods are taken to explain the influence of these two types of markers on the semantic and pragmatic aspects of the rhetorical questions.This article is divided into seven parts:The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly introduces the research status of modern Chinese rhetorical and anti-expectation,gives the theoretical basis,the reason and research value of this paper,determines the research content and method of this paper,and delineates the CCL corpus for all the corpus of this paper.source.In the second chapter,from the perspective of information theory and mark theory,the deep reason for analyzing the opposite meanings of rhetorical questions is that the rhetorical questions have the pragmatic function of expressing anti-expectation,and find that the rhetorical questions contain both the counter-question marks indicating the rhetorical tone and the rhetorical questions.There is an anti-expectation mark that indicates anti-expectation information.The two types of markers do not exist in isolation,but there are a large number of overlapping markers.The two types of markers that overlap and overlap are regularly distributed in the rhetorical questions and affect the semantics and pragmatic aspects of the rhetorical questions.The third chapter mainly focuses on the anti-expectation mark and the counter-question mark,and further divides the anti-expective mark and the counter-question mark into a stack mark,a simple anti-expect mark and a simple question mark.Using the Peking University Corpus(CCL),enter "Mark $100",search each tag separately,sort out the total number of search terms in the corpus,and determine the number of screening samples is 2000.A total of 10,499 valid corpus were selected in accordance with the research content of this paper.Then the data is described and analyzed by the effective corpus.It is believed that the three types of markers can appear in the rhetorical question alone or in combination,and the combination appears mainly.The four modes of the three types of tag matching are summarized,which are the simple tag single mode,the stacked tag single mode,the simple tag multiplexing mode and the stacked tag multiplexing mode.The fourth chapter is based on the stacked mark single use mode.Firstly,the characteristics of the stacked mark and the syntactic conditions of the single use are analyzed.The stacked mark is considered to be non-rereading,versatile and replaceable.The relationship between the mark and the semantic pragmatic function of the rhetorical question in the single mark mode is explained.Compared with the unmarked rhetorical question,when the stack mark is used for the rhetorical question,the rumor and anti-expectation of the rhetorical question are enhanced.Taking the overlapping mark "??”as an example,comparing the unmarked rhetorical questions,the grammatical,semantic and pragmatic aspects are used to analyze the characteristics of the overlapping mark "??" in the rhetorical question.It is considered that when the”??"mark is used in the rhetorical question,it has versatility,differentiation and ambiguity.At this time,the rhetorical question can express the meanings of "remind","confirm"and "rebut".The fifth chapter is based on the simple tag multiplexing mode,supplemented by the simple tag single mode.Firstly,the syntactic performance and pattern classification of the two models in the rhetorical question are analyzed as a whole,and the influence of these two models on the rhetorical question is explained from the perspectives of anti-expectation,anti-conviction and subjectivity.It is considered that the number of simple anti-expective markers in a rhetorical question is directly proportional to the anti-expectation.The number of simple counter-question markers is proportional to the degree of reflexivity.The more the number of markers,the more subjective the amount of rhetorical expression is biased towards a very large or very small amount,the less the number of markers,the more objective the amount of objectivity expressed by the rhetorical.Taking the combination of "??+0/simple mark" as an example,the two modes of single mark and single use are compared,and the influence of the number of marks on the semantic and pragmatic functions of the rhetorical question in the rhetorical question is explained.In the combination of "??+0/simple mark",the more anti-expectation marks are,the stronger the anti-expectation is,the more the simple counter-question marks are,the stronger the ruminant.The sixth chapter is based on the stacked mark reuse mode.Firstly,the paper analyzes the combination and matching principles of the mark in this model,and sees the difference between the anti-expectation and the anti-convulsiveness of the rhetorical question from the difference of the mark types.It is believed that the order of the various types of markers is related to the part of speech of the mark itself and the semantic relationship expressed by the mark.Overlay tag multiplexing needs to follow the "Region Principles","Semantic Relationship Principles" and "Pragmatic Highlighting Principles".The combination of the two types of markers in the rhetorical question is hierarchical.Then take the combination of "??+other marks" as an example to analyze the influence of the type of mark on the rhetorical question.In the combination of "??+other marks",the anti-expectation and ruminance of the rhetorical question are directly related to "other marks".The pragmatic color of rhetorical expression is mainly negative,and the semantic rhyme of rhetorical question is negative semantic rhyme.The seventh chapter is the conclusion.It mainly summarizes the distribution and analysis of the two types of markers in the rhetorical questions in this paper,draws conclusions,and analyzes the research value and significance of this paper.This paper cuts in from the anti-expectation perspective to study the rhetorical questions and reveals the deep reasons for the contradictions.This angle is still rarely involved and there is no comprehensive systematic analysis.This paper systematically analyzes the anti-expectation mark and the counter-question mark in the rhetorical question from this new perspective,and provides a new research paradigm for the study of rhetorical questions,marks and anti-expectation information.It analyzes the semantic and pragmatic functions of the sentence from the combination of the mark,breaks through the research methods of the single mark and the research ideas of the traditional sentence,and makes a new attempt for the combination of mark research and sentence semantic pragmatics research.And research methods that can be used for reference.