The Influence Of Judgment Basis And Processing Method On Civil Aviation Passengers' Escape Decision Under Different Task Difficulty

Background:In aircraft accidents,the cabin fires is the most common.Once cabin catch on fire,passengers and aircraft crew member will take an emergency evacuation,and the efficiency of emergency evacuation is important to the survival after aircraft accidents.At present,the main research directions of aircraft cabin emergency evacuation are:full-scale emergency evacuation test,computer simulation and post-investigation.These methods mostly study aircraft emergency evacuation from the perspective of aircraft design or crew resource management,but do not pay attention to the most critical part of the aircraft,the main executor of emergency evacuation-passengers.In emergency evacuation,passenger’s escape choice is a typical risky decision-making,which will directly affect the final result of escape.The dual-processing theory of decision-making holds that intuition is fast,large in capacity and cannot be realized by thinking,while deliberation is slow and small in capacity,but can be realized by thinking.The existing research is not uniform for the deliberation or intuition which is more conducive to improving the quality of decision-making.The decision-making situation should take into consideration for the specific applicability of deliberation and intuition,and the difficulty of decision-making task will affects individual decision-making also.Considering that the previous studies on flight passenger escape decision-making are relatively few,meanwhile,Difficulty decomposition of previous decision-making research tasks is not reasonable enoughObjective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of intuition and processing methods on the performance of civil aviation passenger escape decision-making tasks under different task difficulties and judgments in such a stressful environment as emergency evacuation of airplane cabin.Method:In Study 1,participants were asked to choose the escape mode for emergency evacuation in the cabin of an airplane through an open ended questionnaire.By consulting flight safety manuals and aviation safety experts,three kinds of reasonable escape modes commonly used by airplane passengers were determined as the escape task options in Study 2.In Study 2,the performance of escape decision-making was taken as dependent variable,and three escape modes were presented directly as simple flight escape tasks.The decision-making basis was graded according to the complexity.Instruction and time control are used to manipulate the intuition and deliberation of the participants,and the authenticity of decision-making is ensured by awakening participants’ negative emotions.The results show that there is no significant difference in the decision-making effect between intuition and deliberation,either on the simple basis of judgment or on the complex basis of judgment.In Study 3,it is about the unreasonable task difficulty of predecessors’ research,which is summarized only by judging the difficulty.Combining with unconscious thought theory(UTT),the task difficulty is reasonably decomposed.Through the open questionnaire,the participants were asked to write out the escape vocabulary related to the three escape modes obtained in the first study,to conduct statistical screening,and to get eighteen escape vocabulary as the escape task option of the fourth study through the scores of aviation safety experts and Chinese character experts.In Study 4,on the basis of Study 2,the direct presentation of escape mode was changed into the presentation of related escape vocabulary,and the escape task of airplane cabin fire was complicated.Experiment 2 investigate the impact of judgment basis complexity and intuition and deliberation on passenger escape decision performance under the complex aircraft cabin fire escape mission.The material and process of Study 4 are basically the same as that of Study 2.The results show that there is no significant difference in decision-making performance caused by intuition and deliberation when the judgment basis is simple,but when the judgment basis become complex,the decision-making performance caused by intuition is significantly better than that of deliberation.Conclusions:(1)In the situation of emergency evacuation of aircraft cabin fire,intuition and deliberation can make a correct choice of escape modes.(2)Under the simple escape task,no matter the judgment basis is simple or complex,there is no statistical difference in decision-making performance between intuition and deliberation.(3)Under the complex escape task,the decision-making effect of intuition and deliberation has no statistical difference on the basis of simple judgment,while under the basis of complex judgment,intuition is significantly better than deliberation.Research significance:For the first time,this study investigated the escape decision-making process of civil aviation passengers,and examined the role of intuition and deliberation in the emergency situation of aircraft cabin emergency evacuation.It has expanded the scope of application of dual processing theory and unconscious thinking theory,and can also help improve the airline’s cabin emergency evacuation procedures.