The Influence Of Navigation Mode On The Acquisition Of Spatial Knowledge And Its Cognitive Mechanism

Research has shown that navigation devices can impair spatial knowledge acquisition,but the exact mechanism is still controversial,with typical views including lack of the decision-making o spatial direction and divided attention.The purpose of this study is to verify the damage of navigation equipment to spatial knowledge acquisition,explore the divided attention theory and provide more direct evidence for it.This study also explored the influence of different navigation modes on spatial knowledge acquisition,and further explored its cognitive mechanism according to eye movement and fixation during learning,physiological parameters and subsequent spatial scene memory tasks.Experiment 1 tried to compare the navigator's relative fixation on navigation interface and surrounding environment under different navigation modes,and its influence on spatial knowledge acquisition,and to explore the cognitive mechanism of visual navigation's influence on spatial knowledge acquisition.On the basis of experiment 1,experiment 2A explored the influence of audio navigation on spatial knowledge acquisition and its cognitive mechanism according to the fization of the surrounding environment during route learning and On the basis of experiment 1,experiment 2A explored the influence of voice navigation on spatial knowledge acquisition and its cognitive mechanism according to the observation of the surrounding environment during route learning and the influence of two groups of voice navigation on spatial knowledge acquisition under the speech navigation conditions of different frequencies.Based on experiment 2A,experiment 2B further verified the conclusion of experiment 2A by comparing the cognitive load under the condition of speech navigation with different frequencies from the physiological indicators.Based on experiment 2A,experiment 2B further verified the conclusion of experiment 2A by comparing the cognitive load,with the physiological indicators,under the different frequencies of audio navigation.Through the above experiments,this study finds that(1)visual navigation pays the least attention to the surrounding environment,while audio navigation pays the most attention to the surrounding environment;However,increasing the frequency of audio prompts will reduce the attention to the surrounding environment.The combination of audio and visual reduces the focus on navigation,but does not increase the focus on the surrounding environment,which is not conducive to the acquisition of spatial knowledge,but helps to assist in wayfinding.(2)Audio navigation has advantages in scene processing.(3)Increasing the frequency of audio prompts will increase the cognitive load.In conclusion,this study confirmed and further enriched the role of divided attention theory and found that different navigation modes will damage spatial knowledge acquisition,but the specific mechanism is different.Visual navigation separates the navigator's attention in the form of visual distraction;Audio navigation separates the navigator's attention in the form of cognitive distraction;Audio-visual navigation may separate the navigator's attention in the form of a combination of visual distraction and cognitive distraction.