The Self-interest And Class Attributes In "human Liberation"

The issue of human emancipation has always been an important issue in the study of Marxist philosophy and a core issue in Marx's theoretical system.For the study of Marx's early works,it is easier to grasp the inevitability of Marx's idea of human emancipation.Through the interpretation and analysis of the texts of "On the Jewish Question"etc.,this paper restores the background of the discussion of the Jewish question and clarifies the understanding of Marx and Powell on this issue and the solution to the problem.Among them,Powell believes that the key to solving the Jewish problem is to abolish the religion and make the religious person a real person,thus solving the religious opposition.However,Marx believes that it is necessary to solve the religious problem,but the spirit of self-interest has not been abolished from the modern society.For solving the Jewish question,therefore,it is necessary to change the secular social elements,make people become a member of his species,break the isolation state of people and truly realize the human emancipation.Then the debates of Marx and Powell are focused on three points:how to understand the essence of the Jewish problem;how to treat the role and significance of political liberation and how to understand and realize human freedom,etc.From the perspective of human emancipation,abstracting the inner logic of Marx and Powell's understanding of Jewish problems and clarifying the fundamental differences of views between Marx and Powell.It is the difference that how to achieve true emancipation and obtain true freedom.To accomplish this goal,according to Marx's point of view,not only must political liberation be achieved,but human emancipation must also be realized.If it is possible to realize from political emancipation to human emancipation,then this necessarily implies a change in human nature.In the society of political liberation,people are embodied as self-interest and human beings become a member of his species after real emancipation,and they are correspond to the two attributes of human nature,"self-interest" and "the human nature of species".Finally,from the perspective of human nature,this paper analyzes the relationship between self-interest and the human nature of species,reveals the different forms of this relationship under different realization states,and points out four typical forms,namely self-interest,self-interest of the human nature of species,the human nature of species and the human nature of species of self-interest,etc.It also points out how the relationship between self-interest and the human nature of species is reflected in the society in which feudal society,civil society,political state,and human liberation are completed.The analysis of the relationship between self-interest and the human nature of species reveals the inherent necessity and rationality of human emancipation.This inevitability stems from the internal unity of self-interest and class attributes,and this unity is due to the incompleteness of the individual and the human nature of species which is the logical premise of self-interest.This unity is also the fundamental premise of social development.More importantly,the development of the human nature of species eventually returns humanity to the essence of human beings and realizes the true emancipation and liberty of human beings.Therefore,the prerequisite for realizing human liberation is not egoism,but self-interest.