Research On Flood And Drought Disasters And Social Relief In Guizhou (1935-1945)

The Republic of China,natural disasters in Guizhou were frequent and serious,which had a great impact on the production and life of local people.The occurrence of disasters is affected by natural factors such as special climate,topography,soil vegetation and hydrological conditions,and is closely related to social factors such as rural economy,public security,and political stability.Between 1935 and 1945,Guizhou's floods and droughts were frequent,and its characteristics were mainly manifested in the occurrence of floods and droughts in successive years,widespread coverage,heavy disasters,and great hazards.The occurrence of floods was mainly concentrated in summer,and the frequency of occurrence decreases from southeast to northwest.The droughts occured in spring and summer,and were more serious in northern,northwest and southwest Guizhou.The occurrence of floods and droughts has caused a large number of people to die,the labor force has been sharply reduced,agricultural production has been destroyed,and the deterioration of the living environment of grassroots people has caused social unrest;the economic downturn has caused ecological imbalances caused by water shortages;the reduction of agricultural production after the disaster has caused prices to rise,and the purchasing power of the people was insufficient.The rural economy was further depleted.When the National Government was in charge of Guizhou,the relief agencies gradually improved and were supported by corresponding funding sources.On this basis,the Guizhou Provincial Government has formed a complete relief system to deal with different disaster situations.However,due to financial difficulties,fraud in relief,and other reasons,government relief did not achieve the desired results.Under this circumstance,the Huayang Yizhen Club Guizhou Branch,the Shanghai Fundraising Disaster Relief Association,and the China Red Cross Guizhou Branch and other civil disaster relief groups have taken advantage of their flexible organizations and diverse disaster relief methods to actively carry out post-disaster relief.Through the statistics of the situation of floods and droughts in Guizhou from 1935 to 1945,summarize the characteristics of Guizhou's flood and drought disasters and have a wide geographical distribution,with high frequency and high damage.Through our analysis,we can conclude that the occurrence of natural disasters has its own laws,but human intervention and response can alleviate the harm caused by disasters to a certain extent.However,the frequent occurrence of floods and droughts in Guizhou during the Republic of China reflected that the National Government had great limitations in disaster response.Guizhou's flood and drought disasters during the Republic of China and social relief have had relevant research results in academia,but there has not been systematic research on floods and droughts and social relief during the National Government's administration.Through preliminary exploration of the impact of floods and droughts on the society during the National Government and the government's disaster relief strategy,the article attempts to explore the interactive feedback relationship between disasters and society in the region from the composition of disaster relief bodies and the evolution of measures.Disaster relief as a national coordinating project related to the national economy and the people's livelihood,we must deeply understand its great protective role in the stable operation of society.By clarifying the operation mode of this project,we can understand the characteristics of disaster relief in Guizhou's development process and understand its special role in the development of modern society in Guizhou.