Research Of Present Situation And Countermeasure Of Nenjiang Area Grain Reserves And Circulation

In today's world population continues to grow rapidly while the arable land was decreasing continually,although grain production is growing every year in the world,but still can't meet people's requirements for food quantity and quality.In the post-harvest,grain needs a very long storage process and can't immediately be put on the market or be consumed.But the grain vulnerable damages of insects,mice and mildew,resulting in weight loss and grain quality decline during storage process.To prevent the damage occur of insects,mice and mildew,many domestic and foreign scientists invented a lot of methods and technologies to ensure grain's security.For example,domestic scientists invented the preservation method that filled nitrogen into airtight grain storage,and foreign scientists invented a method of cryopreservation.Nenjiang Area is located in the north of Heilongjiang Province in our country,is one of the most important major grain-producing areas in China.Nenjiang Area is storing 1.25 million tons of grain that the most grains are saved in 7 national and local grain storages.Nenjiang Area belongs to the cold and dry climate that is different from the climate of high temperature and high humidity in the south,in favor of preservation of grain because is not easy to happen pest and mildew.However,due to the dry climate could easily lead to the loss of grain security moisture and the reduction of grain weight during reserves and circulates,to cause greater damage to grain reserves businesses or individuals.In this study,I discovered in data survey,site investigation and survey methods that national and local grain storages have three kinds of fixed type storages include bungalow storages,circular brick warehouses and squat silo,and have four kinds of simple type storages include tent warehouse,steel silo,shed warehouse and soil silos.To prevent the damages of insects,rats and mildew,the national and local grain storages use mainly disinfection,airtight storage,mechanical ventilation,place exterminator and mouse killer,etc.for grain storage in Nenjiang Area.The grain circulation mainly adopts railway transportation and road transportation.Through analysis of grain reserves and circulates of Nenjiang Area,I find these questions that grain reserves is behind in technology,have inadequate equipment,storage capacity of Central Grain Reserves serious shortage,grain reserve personnel quality is low,lack coordination mechanism between grain reserves storages,and have a high cost of grain circulation in national and local grain storages.In order to promote the development of Nenjiang Area grain reserves,ensure the safety of grain reserves,meet the requirements of people on grain quantity and quality,avoid food scares and crises of human survival,this study suggested that Nenjiang Area grain reserves should to perform strictly the duties of grain reserves management,optimize reserves varieties and layout,research and development new technologies of grain reserves,increase reserve capacity,enhance collaboration between grain reserves,improve the quality of employees,improve ability of rail shipment and reduce distribution costs.