The Theory,Measurement,Decomposition And Empirical Analysis Of Economic Surplus Value Ratio

On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up policy,China has become the second largest economy and the new engine of world economic growth from one of the world's poorest countries.The nominal GDP in 2017 reached 827,122 billion yuan,which was more than 220 times that of 1978.The road to development is not always smooth.In the great practice of the development of China's socialist market economy,the gap between the rich and the poor,the financial crisis,and the overcapacity has increasingly attracted attention,and it has also accelerated the recognition of the Marxist economic theory.Marxist economics theories include theory of labor value,economic determinism,surplus value theory,and theory of profit rate decline.Among them,the theory of surplus value is based on the theory of labor value,including the premise of production of surplus value,production process,production methods,and substance.Constrained by historical limitations,this theory has one-sided emphasis on the fact that labor is the only source of use value formation and ignores the role of capital.However,its "people-oriented" economics concept coincides with the concept of modern social science,and it is also not possessed by traditional Western economic theory.Therefore,the modern application of Marxist economics theory has more research value and exploration significance.Based on the theory of surplus value,the thesis summarizes previous studies and proposes a theoretical model of the economic surplus value rate,through literature analysis,theoretical deductive reasoning and empirical research methods.The empirical study was conducted using the input and output tables of the latest WIOD database and other data published by the National Bureau of Statistics.First,it introduced the development of theories related to the surplus-value ratio at home and abroad.Second,it proposes a theoretical model of economic surplus value rate,and describes the hypothetical preconditions,the production process and measurement methods of the residual value in detail.Then,use the mathematical model to formulate a standardized expression.Third,the empirical study of the economic surplus value rate.On the one hand,it estimates the surplus value ratio of the value patterns of China,Japan,the United States and the United Kingdom,and conducts comparative and decomposition analysis.On the other hand,it conducts in-depth research and completes the measurement and decomposition analysis of the sectoral surplus value ratio.Fourth,empirical analysis of the relationship between the rate of surplus value and the total labor time,labor productivity,wage rate,verification theory and related conclusions.Fifth,we put forward conclusions and suggestions on the basis of the theory,measurement,decomposition and demonstration of this article.The conclusions of this thesis mainly include:(a)From 2002 to 2014,there was a significant increase in the four countries' surplus-value ratio,with higher growth rates in China,the United States,and the United Kingdom.(b)The change of the surplus-value rate depends on the change of labor productivity and the change of the wage rate.The former positively influences the latter and the latter negatively influences.The growth rate of labor productivity is obviously faster than the rate of increase of the wage rate,which is the main reason for the increase of the surplus-value rate of various countries.(c)The ratio of the rate of increase in wage rates in China to the growth rate of labor productivity is significantly higher than in other countries,which fully affirms the relative fairness of China's income distribution system.(d)Influenced by factors such as natural monopoly and state control,the surplus value ratios in the four countries are surprisingly similar,and the nuances are related to the industrial development and policies of various countries.Based on the conclusion,this thesis believes that the measurement of surplus-value rate can measure the fairness of national technological progress and income distribution policy on the one hand,and it can be used as a tool to examine the influence of industrial policy,and provide reference for the development of future industrial policy choice on the other hand.As one of the core issues of capitalist economic research,there is little research on the rate of surplus value,and it needs more continuous research and innovation.