Technology Licensing Strategy Of Enterprises And Welfare Analysis In The Presence Of Alternative Technology

The arrival of the era of knowledge-based economy has brought great opportunities for the development of enterprises.The technological level of enterprises will seriously affect the competitiveness of enterprises.Therefore,technology has become an urgent need for enterprises as a resource.As an important form of technology dissemination,technology licensing is widespread in all industries.Internet enterprises are intensive technology,technology licensing rate as high as 60%,other industries can also reach the technical licensing rate of 30%,covering a wide range of areas,including the power industry,petrochemical industry,electronic information industry,household appliances industry and so on.On the one hand,there are enterprises with limited independent R&D capability in the market,accepting technology licensing is one of the main ways for enterprises to enter the industry or enhance their competitive advantages;on the other hand,there are universities,R&D institutions and enterprises in the market that do not carry out production,they can obtain licensing profits through licensing technology,so it makes licensing become a normal market condition.At the same time,in this new era of "mass entrepreneurship,mass innovation",there are more resources to invest in technology research and development,will explore and develop more and better alternative technologies,invest in the technology market to participate in the licensing of innovative technologies,and promote the overall upgrading of technology structure.Because of the existence of alternative technology,Technology-owned enterprises are no longer in the "monopoly" position.With the actual competitors and potential competitors,the licensing strategies and profits of enterprises will be affected by competitors.This requires that the licensing behavior of enterprises should fully consider the existence of competitive enterprises.At present,most of academic research on technology licensing focuses on the licensing strategy of an innovative technology,and less on the research of alternative technology.Therefore,relying on the realistic background of technology licensing,this paper introduces competition into the technology licensing market to depict the existence of alternative technology in the market,and focuses on the analysis of technology licensing strategies and their possible welfare effects.Enterprise licensing strategy mainly involves two aspects,one is the royalty fees,fixed fees and two-part fees of the choice of three forms of contract,the other is the choice of cooperative and non-cooperative licensing methods.This paper mainly considers two situations:(1)Technology-owned enterprises are both external innovators;(2)One technology-owned enterprise is external innovator,and the other is internal innovator.This paper will use the game relationship between Technology-owned enterprises and licensed enterprises to answer the above questions.The conclusions will be conducive to the further development of Technology-owned enterprises licensing theory,but also produce some practical policy implications.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:1.When the Technology-owned enterprises are both external innovators,the optimal licensing strategy is cooperative licensing with two-part fees under the condition of strong substitution between technologies,whereas non-cooperative licensing with fixed fees.2.When the Technology-owned enterprises have internal innovators,regardless of the substitution between technologies,the optimal licensing strategy is cooperative licensing with two-part fees.3.When the unit product subsidy is allowed,the licensing strategy of social welfare maximization is not affected by whether the Technology-owned enterprise has internal innovators or not,and the social welfare maximizes when the two-part fee is non-cooperative;when the unit product subsidy is not allowed,only when the Technology-owned enterprise is an external innovator can the enterprise make decisions.The highest social welfare level may be generated.The innovation of this paper is that this paper considers the factor of alternative technology in the technology market,and studies the impact of this factor on the licensing strategy of Technology-owned enterprises,as well as the possible welfare impact.Unfortunately,in order to highlight the importance of alternative technology,this paper makes a simplified and strict assumption on the model assumptions,which leads to the locality of its scope of application,inevitably there are some differences with the reality.At the same time,due to limited data collection,no empirical study on this issue.