Research On The Historical Changes And Regional Differences Of National Economy In Henan Province Since The Reform And Opening-up

There are 3 ethnic minority(Hui)regions,21 ethnic minority(Hui)townships.These ‘Hui' communities have experienced long-term development and historical changes in economy,culture and resources,forming a unique economic feature of the ‘Hui' community.Since 1978,under the promotion of “reform and opening up”,ethnic minority settlements in Henan Province have formed some traditional industries with short industrial chain and extensive model.It has certain influence in and outside the province by virtue of these traditional industries.But since the beginning of the new century,the extensive development model of the economy in minority regions has been constrained under the complicated and ever-changing international economic situation and the increasingly high demand for domestic ecological protection.Hence,the economic development in minority regions is hindered.This paper takes 3 ethnic minority(Hui)regions,21 ethnic minority(Hui)townships in Henan Province as the research area.It consists of four parts:The first part mainly introduced the concepts of development of minority regional economy.Based on the literature research,it sorted out the research focus of different stages of Chinese minority regional economy at home and abroad,the multidisciplinary interpretation of national economy and the application of different methods in minority economic research.The second part mainly analyzed the different characteristics of different stages of Henan minority regional economic development from the time scale.Taking the 40 years of economic reform as the timeline,the historical changes of Henan minority regional economy are divided into three development stages for analysis and study.The third part is based on the overall development trend of the minority regional economy in Henan Province,compares and analysis of the regional development of 24 ethnic cities or towns in Henan Province from spatial scale,and classify 21 ethnic minority towns or towns according to the level of economic development.Finding the law and finding out the influencing factors of different types of ethnic areas.The fourth part interpreted the development of minority regional economy in Henan Province based on the analysis of the vertical and horizontal aspects,combining the theoretical basis of resource endowments,geographic locations and path dependence.This is to provide theoretical reference for minority regional economic development in Henan.Throughout the whole process of Henan Province minority region economic development,the paper finds that the minority economy in Henan is influenced by natural resources,geographic location,policy environment,cultural factors and religious factors.The trajectory and development pattern of minority economic changes in Henan have gradually formed the following characteristics:(1)the historical changes of Henan nationality and the differences in regional economic development can be explained by multi-dimensionality through geographical location,resource endowment and path dependence.The different development stages and development paths of the minority economy,geographical location,resource endowment and path dependence play a unique and comprehensive role.Among them,the pros and cons of geographical location are the prerequisites for the differences in regional economic development,and play a key role in maintaining the vitality of the minority economy.In the ethnic areas where cities or transportation hubs are concentrated,the geographical location is good,even in the absence of resource endowments,more development opportunities can be obtained by relying on better locations.In rural areas or in ethnic areas far away from the central city of the region,the endowment of resources has become more important for the development of the minority economy.The amount of resources determines the basic path of the start or initial development of the minority regional economy,and the later development direction is also basically along the initial development path,unless national policies or regional major transportation infrastructure improvements.such as,the construction of high-speed rail or highways can change the geographical location of ethnic settlements,and thus change the path of national economic development.Therefore,multi-dimensional,comprehensive and localized interpretations are more in line with the development logic of the minority economy.Compared with the existing research,this interpretation has taken a step forward and fully reflects the characteristics of national economic geography research.(2)the overall economy of minority region in Henan has shown a trend of increasing year by year.However,from the perspective of growth rate,the minority regional economic development has experienced three stages: rapid start and high-speed development,rapid development,low-speed development.In the rapid start of the minority economy,the level of minority economic development has basically caught up with or is close to the level of development of the local economy;in the rapid development of the minority economy,the contribution of the minority economy in the province has far exceeded the proportion of the minority population in province;but in recent years,the development of the minority economy has gradually fallen behind the level of local economic development.(3)the economic development of the ethnic minority areas in Henan is unbalanced,and the level of minority regional economic development is basically consistent with the level of economic development of the city where it is located.Research shows,the economic development level of Zhengzhou Guancheng Hui area is higher than that of Luoyang Chanhe Hui area,and Kaifeng Shunhe Hui area has the lowest economic development level.In the ethnic township(town),the “cities economy ”showed the best development,the “town economy” followed,and the “village economy” is the worst.The economic differences between city-city,town-town,village-village are the main reasons for the differences in ethnic minority economic differences at the same level.(4)the industry in Henan ethnic area is still the "231" structure,but the economic structure is rationalized year by year.The types of products produced have shifted from traditional low-end industries to modern high-end industries.The management systems have shifted from family-based management to modern institutionalized management.The scale of enterprises has ranged from small workshops to large-scale production.(5)the ethnic townships(towns)of Henan Province could be classified into four categories that highest,higher,lower and lowest levels,according to the level of ethnic economic development.In the urban minority areas,the economic development level of the Guancheng Hui area is much higher than the other two Hui areas.And the types of industries that support the economies of different ethnic regions are also different.