The Spatial Distribution Of Pollution-intensive Industries And Influencing Factors In China

With the rising level of economic development and the improvement of people's requirements for environmental quality,the resource and environmental constraints faced by the development of pollution-intensive industries are increasing.In order to adapt to the adjustment and upgrading of China's new industrial structure and layout,how to ensure that pollution-intensive industries contribute to economic growth while minimizing environmental pollution has become an urgent problem to be solved.During 1997-2016,pollution-intensive industries mainly distributed in the eastern region,Shandong and Jiangsu provinces were the most widely distributed provinces.Since 2004,they have been shifting from the eastern and northeastern regions to the central and Western regions.By calculating the spatial Gini coefficient and Moran's I index,it is found that the pollution-intensive industries in China present a certain spatial agglomeration phenomenon,and have a positive spatial autocorrelation.The highest degree of spatial autocorrelation between chemical raw materials and chemical products industry is also the most significant,showing a trend of concentration first,then decentralization and concentration on the whole.The main factors affecting the distribution of pollution-intensive industries in China are environmental regulation,labor cost,technological progress,capital input,economic development level,opening up,infrastructure and so on.Higher level of environmental regulation will increase the cost of environmental governance and promote technological innovation of enterprises.Therefore,areas with higher level of environmental regulation will promote the transfer of pollution-intensive industries to adjacent areas with lower level of environmental regulation.Lower labor costs will reduce the production costs of enterprises,which is conducive to the distribution of pollution-intensive industries.Technological progress is mainly beneficial to the development of high-tech industries,so it is not conducive to the distribution of pollution-intensive industries.Capital investment is conducive to the acquisition of fixed assets and the expansion of production scale,so it is conducive to the distribution of pollution-intensive industries.Higher level of economic development can provide better industrial basis for enterprises,so it is conducive to the distribution of pollution-intensive industries.The regions with higher level of opening up can provide more investment and larger market scale for enterprises,which is conducive to the distribution of pollution-intensive industries.The areas with better transport infrastructure can reduce the transaction costs of enterprises,which is conducive to the distribution of pollution-intensive industries.According to the seven influencing factors of environmental regulation,labor cost,technological progress,capital input,economic development level,opening to the outside world and infrastructure,which are mainly analyzed in the impact mechanism,seven variables are selected to construct a spatial panel econometric model to regression the spatial distribution of pollution-intensive industries.The results show that the direct and indirect effects of environmental regulation are positive;the direct and indirect effects of labor cost are negative;the direct and indirect effects of technological progress are negative;the indirect effects of capital investment are positive and the indirect effects are negative;the direct and indirect effects of economic development level are both positive;and the direct and indirect effects of opening up are positive.The direct and indirect effects of transport infrastructure were positive,but the indirect effects did not pass the significance test.According to the results of theoretical and empirical analysis,in order to promote the rational distribution of pollution-intensive industries,the government should formulate reasonable environmental policies,improve the ability of independent innovation,improve transport infrastructure,deepen the degree of opening up,and scientifically layout industrial parks.