Research On The Measurement Of China's Transport Development Equity From The Perspective Of Equalization Of Public Services

As of 2018,China's railway operation has reached 131,000 kilometers,ranking second in the world.The high-speed railway is 29,000 kilometers,ranking first in the world.The highway is 4,859,500 kilometers,ranking first in the world.The total length of the expressway reached 142,500 kilometers,ranking first in the world.Although the efficiency of China's transportation development has been second to none in the world in the past few years,there are still some problems of imbalance and unfairness.For example,the total per capita traffic of the Tibet Autonomous Region is 37.88 times that of Shanghai,while the per capita freight turnover of Shanghai is 21.20 times that of the Tibet Autonomous Region.The study found that scholars mainly study traffic fairness from a single perspective such as the allocation of transportation resources and the fairness of transportation modes,and cannot fully reflect the relationship between fairness and efficiency.Failure to correctly handle the relationship between fairness and efficiency will not only hinder the development of transportation,but will also hinder economic development.For example,one-sided pursuit of fairness will lead to egalitarianism,making development difficult;and excessive pursuit of efficiency will lead to imbalance in development,thereby inhibiting further improvement of efficiency.In view of this,this paper conducts research on the fairness of traffic.The difficulty in studying traffic equity is how to quantify the relationship between fairness and efficiency.This paper firstly innovates the connotation of traffic fairness from the perspective of equalization of public services:traffic fairness should be based on the fairness of opportunity fairness,and can not talk about traffic fairness from a single perspective.In other words,the distribution of transportation opportunities between groups with significant endowment differences should be different.Based on this definition,this paper has carried out the following two studies:First,determine the overall fairness of China's transportation development,that is,whether transportation development is fair and how fair.Specifically,the traffic Gini coefficient is chosen as a measure of traffic equity.Traffic fairness is quantified from the perspectives of traffic opportunities,traffic results and comprehensive factors,and the changes and differences in traffic fairness are analyzed from two levels of time and space.Second,DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis)is used to further analyze the differences between regions.Determine which areas are fair,which areas are unfair,and the main causes of unfair traffic.This paper has the following basic conclusions:(1)China's traffic fairness is as follows:based on traffic opportunities to view traffic fairness,China's traffic resource allocation is in a relatively fair state.According to the traffic results,the fairness of traffic is treated.According to the social attributes of transportation,the people can enjoy equal travel opportunities and absolute traffic fairness.According to the economic attributes of transportation,the benefits brought by transportation are unfair in the distribution of the whole society.Relatively reasonable state.Comprehensive traffic opportunities,traffic results,people-oriented,economic development potential and other factors,the traffic is considered fair.(2)From the perspective of traffic opportunities,in the early stage of rapid construction of high-speed rail,the unfairness of traffic in various regions of China continued to rise slightly,but with the gradual improvement of the high-speed rail network,this trend began to reverse in 2014.From the traffic results,the rapid development of high-speed rail did not change the traffic fairness in a bad direction.(3)There are 11 provinces across the country with fair traffic.The reasons for fairness in different provinces are different.For example,the economic foundation is good and the economic development potential is high,the passenger and freight transportation efficiency is matched with the transportation supply,and the regional Engel coefficient is extremely high.There are 20 provinces in the country with unfair traffic,and there are two main reasons for unfair traffic.Overcapacity and resource utilization are too low.Improving the utilization rate of existing transportation resources and optimizing the supply of transportation resources are effective ways to improve the fairness of traffic.