| With the rapid development of China’s economy and the deepening of urbanization,how to realize the standardized and orderly circulation of household contract land on the basis of household contract system has become the focus of government at all levels.The rural land share cooperatives can guarantee farmers’ rights and interests and stabilize the contracted management rights of farmers in operation,so they have gradually been affirmed and paid attention by the central and local governments at all levels,and it is affirmed and standardized in laws and regulations.But in the process of the operation of the agricultural land share cooperatives,the agricultural land share cooperatives in many areas have been stagnant and difficult to operate in the process of development,and even the phenomenon of the elosure of the established agricultural land cooperatives or the fact that they have actually closed down have appeared.Therefore,it is an urgent problem to analyze the main problems and causes of the operation mechanism of the agricultural land share cooperative through the theory and practice,and to put forward the management ideas and measures to optimize the operation mechahism.Although there are many studies on the connotations and principles of cooperatives in the intermational academic circles,there is little research on the new form of agricultural land share cooperatives,which have Chinese characteristics and the characteristics of the times.Domestic scholars mostly describe the current situation of the operation mechanism of agricultural cooperatives from the perspectives of equity form,interest distribution,and farmers’ satisfaction,and have not deeply analyzed the internal reasons for the problems of the operation mechanism.Moreover,existing research seldom analyzes the impact of external parties such as village committees,governments,and customers on agricultural cooperatives,which makes the research on the operating mechanism of agricultural cooperatives not comprehensive and thorough enough.In order to solve the issues of the lack of in-depth analysis in current academic circles on the existing problems and management ideas of the agricultural land share cooperatives,this paper theoretically analyzes the composition and classification of the stakeholders of the current agricultural land share cooperatives,taking the stakeholder’s behavior selection as the perspective and by the stakeholder theory,the behavioral science theory and the related theories of the new institutional economics.It is considered that the stakeholders of the agricultural land share cooperatives include 9 items,such as ordinary members,management layer,operators,village committees,government,customers,suppliers,related economic organizations and farmers who have not entered the stock market.Then,based on the differences of the influence of these stakeholders on agricultural cooperatives,their closeness and their behavioral objectives,this paper classifies them into three types:"core type","dormancy type" and "marginal type".In this paper,the objective of their behavior is analyzed in detail,and the possible reasons for the problems of the operation mechanism of the agricultural land share cooperatives are discussed,and the corresponding management ideas are also put forward.Then,based on the field investigation of 23 rural land stock cooperatives in Jiangsu Province,this paper describes the operation status of Jiangsu rural land stock cooperatives.In addition,this paper analyzes the existing problems of the operating mechanism of the current agricultural land stock cooperatives from three aspects of equity and financing mechanism,management mechanism and distribution mechanism.At the same time,the internal reasons for these problems are deeply analyzed with the research perspective of stakeholder behavior selection.Then combined with the typical cases of "platform type"and "standard type" agricultural land share cooperatives,this paper,drawing on the governance experience of these two cases,puts forward the measures to improve the operation mechanism of the two types of agricultural land share cooperatives.This paper argues that solving the related problems needs to start from three aspects:motivating and restricting the behavior of stakeholders,improving the path of the stakeholders to achieve the goal and coordinating the conflicts among the stakeholders.Specific solutions need to be differentiated for different types of goveruance.For the "platform-type,agricultural land share cooperatives,because of their weak economic base,it is difficult to extend the industrial chain to expand their own income,so the incentive mechanism of the cooperative management can be perfected by means of defining the powers and responsibilities.At the same time,it is of need to coordinate the conflicts of interest of the "core-type"stakeholders,in the distribution mechanism,in the premise of guaranteeing the interests of ordinary members,as far as possible to improve the income of the operators,so that the operators can afford the high rent cost.For the "standard-type" agricultural land share cooperatives,it is necessary to enhance the attraction towards the "dormancy-type"stakeholders through equity and financing mechanism,so as to attract more resources to the cooperatives. |
