The Impact Of Tenure Security,Social Security And Their Interaction On Farmers' Participation Behaviors In Factor Markets

The balanced flow and reorganization of factors are of great meaning for efficiency reforming.Especially in rural areas where funds and talents are relatively lacking,land and labor are the major element resources.Farmers' participation in the land and labor market is the important way for development agricultural scale management and the improvement of farmers' income.Farmers' participation in the land market and transfer of land will help promote the industrialization and large-scale operation of agricultural production and improve the economic efficiency of agriculture.Farmers' participation in the labor market and off-farm employment will help increase income sources,improve income structure,enhance their income and quality of life.The precondition for efficient and smooth land transfer is that the property rights(use rights or operating rights)are clearly defined and effectively protected.Although the duration of land contracting as stipulated by national policies lasts for several decades,but local practice may be based on the moral and fair logic of rural society.It constantly adjusts the land to meet the needs of the newly-increased population in the community and protects the rights and interests of the new population.However,it is not conducive to ensuring the security of property rights and promoting land circulation.Moreover,under the circumstances that the rural insurance system is not yet sound,the land bears the functions of employment,old-age care and medical care.Even if the property rights are explicitly defined,farmers will have less willingness to participate in the land market because of their higher dependence on the land.The impact of security of land property rights on farmers'behavioral decisions in participating in the labor market cannot be ignored.Moreover,under the combined influence of many subjective and objective factors,it is difficult for farmers to obtain identity recognition and corresponding social security and welfare after entering the city,which leads to the temporary and unstable transition of rural labor force.Therefore,it is import in theory and reality to explore the impact of property rights security,social security,and the interaction between the two elements on the take part in behavior of farmers in the factor market,so as to increase land transfer and labor mobility,thereby developing large-scale agricultural operations and increasing farmers' income.This article is based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHARLS)data,covering 150 districts and counties in the country from 2011 to 2012.It uses peasant households as research units to study the security of property rights,social security and their interactions with farmers market(land and labor)participation behavior.The research content includes two levels:First,through qualitative analysis,it discusses the theoretical impact mechanism of property rights security,social security and their interactions on the take part in of farmers in the factor market(namely,farmland transfer and off-farm employment);second,it adopts an econometric model(such as the Multinomial probit model and the Tobit model)are used to empirically examine the impact of property rights security,social security,and their interactions on the behavioral decisions and levels of participation of rural households in factor markets(ie,land transfer and non-agricultural employment decisions and levels).The main reserach results are as below:(1)From the perspective of the net effect of property rights security on the participation of rural households in the factor market:Number of years of farmer get certificate had a significant positive impact on farmland rent out.The results show that improving the security of land property rights has a positive effect on farmers renting land,forming land-scale operations,and increasing farmers' income.From the perspective of the net effect of social security on the participation of rural households in the factor market:family participation in medical insurance has a significant negative impact on farmer rent out land and non-agricultural employment,while the impact on rent in land is significant positive,the farmers are more fasten on agricultural land,indicating that in an environment where the labor market is incomplete and the opportunities for rural workers to work out are limited,after improving health standards through medical insurance,farmers who rely on land are more willing to rent-in land for agricultural production.(2)From the perspective of the interaction of tenure security and social security on the participation of rural households in the factor market participation:When property rights are safe,with the increase in the number of households participating in the new rural insurance,farmers are more likely to not participate in land transfer and off-farml employment.This may be because middle-aged and old-aged farmers generally have more like rely on land.The continuous enrichment of the land property rights system has also enhanceed the protection function of the land.Moreover,for most farmers,there is a low level of education and non-agricultural employment channels are limited.As long as the physical conditions permit,Even when older,many farmers still participate in agricultural production.Therefore,when the pension insurance can bring some income but it is not enough to completely replace the survival and employment functions of the agricultural land,the farmers may prefer to stay at home and engage in agricultural production that they are good at,so as to decision to both non-farm employment and non-transfer of land..