Internal Trade Networks,Enterprise Heterogeneity And Productivity Improvement

Since China joined the world trade organization in 2001,the scale of China's trade has expanded rapidly.China's total import and export volume has grown from us$1.13 billion in 1950 to us $4.6 trillion in 2018,making China the world's largest trading country.In the era of increasingly fierce competition in the international market,information acquisition has an increasing impact on the export performance of enterprises.At present,many scholars at home and abroad mainly study the impact of external network on the performance of export enterprises,but there are few literatures to discuss from internal network.This paper argues that the enterprise current internal trade networks can effectively promote the next productivity improvements,by combining Chinese customs database from 2001 to 2007,China's industrial enterprises database,BACI database and UNCTAD,calculation and structural products of proximity matrix,productivity and enterprise level internal trade network strength index,USES the double difference method is used to test the internal trade networks to boost productivity.The main research contents are as follows:Firstly,this paper summarizes the existing domestic and foreign research literatures from the three aspects of "export learning" effect of heterogeneous enterprises,the mechanism of learning effect,and the relationship between trade network and enterprise productivity,and proposes the research perspective of this paper on the basis of the existing literature research.Then this paper establishes a theoretical model between the internal trade network and productivity,which provides a theoretical basis for the empirical analysis of this paper.Secondly,this paper analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the enterprise trade network from 2001 to 2007,and finds that:(1)we have summarized three kinds of enterprise learning channels,namely,enterprises through the existing export market to search for other potential export market product demand information;Companies search for information about potential importers in existing trading countries through their trading partners,and foreign trading partners search for international markets,increasing the survival of new products in international markets.(2)The learning effect at the enterprise level is strong,while the learning effect is weak at the enterprise-product level,indicating that enterprises usually use the entire trade network rather than the trade network of individual products to search for information and learn.(3)By examining the export dynamics of various types of enterprises by trade pattern,we find that in 2002-2006,enterprises engaged in general trade have a stronger learning effect than enterprises engaged in processing trade,which is reflected in the fact that the export indicators of enterprises engaged in general trade are better than those of enterprises engaged in processing trade.(4)Enterprises use trade network learning has a phased characteristic,we divide it into the fast learning stage(2002-2004)and the internal adjustment stage(2005-2007).In the rapid learning stage,enterprises urgently need to open up the market,so they will be more active in using trade networks to search for trade information and learn,in the internal adjustment stage,the internal resources need to be optimized to show a weak learning effect.Thirdly,in order to identify the functional relationship between internal trade network and productivity of China's export enterprises,this paper adopts the double difference method(continuous DID)to make an empirical test.The empirical results show that the t-1 trading network has a significant effect on the productivity of enterprises in the t-phase,that is,there is a "learning" effect.Subsequently,this paper tested the learning effect of enterprises year by year,and found that there were indeed two stages of the learning effect of enterprises using t-1 trade network,which was consistent with the expectation of this paper.In order to further identify the differences in learning effects among heterogeneous enterprises,this paper classifies and tests the enterprises,and the results are as follows:Among them,the most obvious learning effect is foreign-funded enterprises,followed by state-owned enterprises,and finally private enterprises.(2)the learning effect of enterprises with different trade types is also different.This paper finds that the learning effect of engaging in general trade enterprises is very obvious,and has obvious characteristics of two-stage learning.In contrast,there is no learning effect for enterprises engaged in processing trade.At last.Based on the above research conclusions,combined with the current development of China's international trade and the difficulties faced by export enterprises to put forward the corresponding policy recommendations.