The Impact Of Government Policies On The Farmers And Herdsmen's Adaptation Strategies Under The Background Of Climate Change

Global climate change poses a serious threat to human existence and social economy.Agriculture is one of the most direct industries affected by climate change,especially crop production and food security.In addition,grassland degradation caused by climate warming and frequent occurrence of extreme weather can adversely affect the stability and development of animal husbandry.As the smallest unit of agricultural and animal husbandry production,the impact of climate change on farmers and herdsmen and their adaptation strategies have been concerned by scholars for a long time.In order to cope with the adverse impact of climate change on family production and life,farmers and herdsmen can adopt various adaptation strategies according to their own capital conditions and specific impacts.To adjust and adapt from the aspects of changing land use,adjusting management measures,changing crop and livestock systems and adjusting livelihood strategies.However,in many developing countries,due to the lack of infrastructure,capital and technology,climate change,precipitation instability and frequent disasters can directly hit household production hard,while inadequate adaptation strategies cannot truly mitigate the adverse effects of climate change,resulting in huge losses for households.The negative impact of climate change on our country increasingly obvious.In order to adapt to climate change,a series of related policies have been issued and implemented,from the development of urbanization and ecological environment protection,disaster prevention and mitigation,health care and poverty reduction,and other fields.However,as the direct beneficiaries of policies,there are few studies on whether relevant policies have alleviated the adverse effects of climate change on farmers and herdsmen,and what adaptation strategies farmers and herdsmen will adopt in the context of climate change and relevant government policies.Known as the "third pole" of the earth,the Tibetan Plateau,with an average altitude of more than 4,000 m,is a typical ecologically fragile region.The Tibetan plateau has a unique and complex climate and is highly sensitive to climate change.Therefore,the region is called as the "driver" and "amplifier" of climate change.In recent decades,one of the main manifestation of climate change on the Tibetan Plateau is temperature increase,which reached 0.39 ?/10 a from 1971 to 2011,with a significantly higher temperature increase than other regions in China.In addition,precipitation in this region increased in a fluctuating manner,with a growth rate of 6.7mm/10 a,and the precipitation increased more significantly after 1986.The frequency of extreme high temperature events(such as hot nights,hot days and persistent warm periods)in this region increased,while the frequency of extreme low temperature events(such as cold nights,cold days,persistent cold periods and freezing days)decreased significantly.At the same time,the Chinese government has invested a lot of material and financial resources to help local farmers and herdsmen cope with the adverse effects of climate change,so as to ensure the stability of production and life.However,in the Tibetan Plateau,which is sensitive to temperature changes,it is worth exploring whether the measures taken by the government can actually mitigate the risk of climate change,whether affect the adaptation strategies of farmers and herdsmen,and whether stabilize family production and life.These will not only help China better cope with climate change,but also provide some reference for other developing countries that are greatly affected by climate change.Therefore,this paper focuses on the farmers and herdsmen living in the Pumqu River Basin in the Tibetan Plateau.By using the statistical data and 701 household survey questionnaire,describe the actual situation of local climate change,policy implementation,farmers and herdsmen's perception of climate change,the impact and adaption strategies to take,and quantitative analysis of the influence factors of adapt strategies.This paper focuses on the influence of related government policies to the adaption strategies.The results show that:(1)There is an obvious trend of climate change in the Pumqu River Basin,which is mainly manifested in the inter-annual temperature rise and precipitation decrease.According to the statistic of the survey data,the local farmers and herdsmen can clearly perceive the gradual increase in temperature and precipitation in recent years.The perception of precipitation is inconsistent with the measured data,which may be the deviation caused by the precipitation pattern and the temperature rise.(2)Climate change has many impacts on households' farming and animal husbandry.For the agriculture production,increased temperature can bring more pests,as well as heavy rainfall and frequent winds that cause crop lodging,can significantly affect crop yields.For livestock,increased disease and losses from climate change can also affect household production stability.(3)The local government has taken active measures to cope with climate change.By 2017,the total irrigated area of Dingjie County,Dingri County and Nyalam County accounted for 93.90 percent of the total cultivated land area,basically achieving full irrigation coverage.The government has provided a variety of subsidies for production and living,covering 100 percent of households with an average subsidy of 17,736 yuan.In addition,the active promotion of good highland barley varieties and organization of technical training by local government are conducted to promote scientific production.(4)In the context of climate change and government assistance,farmers and herdsmen can adopt few adaptation strategies.According to the statistics,226 households can increase their agricultural input,161 households can grow more food crops and 153 households can raise more livestock.And only "increasing agricultural inputs" is to cope with the adverse effects of rising temperatures,while "growing more food crops" and "raising more livestock" are industries adjustment for adapting climate change.(5)Regression results show that agricultural training,cooperatives and government subsidies will promote farmers and herdsmen to actively adopt adaptation strategies and promote the development of family farming and animal husbandry.