Farmers' Choice Of Adaptation Strategies And Its Economic Impact In Pakistan

Research on climate change issues has a long history.In recent years,frequent natural disasters and abnormal extreme climates have had a huge impact on agricultural production and have become a hot issue in academic research.As a largely agricultural country,Pakistan's agricultural production is often affected by climate change.Therefore,it is necessary to explore climate change adaptation strategies,study the impact of climate change on farmers' income and farmers' choice in agricultural production.The study uses farmers' households in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan as the survey sample,and through the survey of farmers' adaptability to climate change,the logit model is used to conduct an empirical analysis on the factors affecting farmers' adaptation to climate change and adjustment of production strategies.It shows that the amount of adaptive adjustment is related to the human capital attributes of farm households(such as educational background,family size,marital status,etc.),social resources(such as agricultural extension services,relatives in government,farmer to farmer extension,credit,insurance),and natural resources(such as cultivated farm size,atmospheric temperature,precipitation,climate,and floods)and other aspects are positively correlated.In addition,the age of the household,non-farm income,and distanceto market all have a negative impact on climate adaptation.The research results show that the main factors that hinder farmers from adapting to climate change include lack of money,lack of information,and lack of government support.The results of the study provide a powerful reference for agricultural producers and government decision-makers who are engaged in fragility in response to climate change.The thesis attempts to study the impact of climate change on agriculture from the perspective of Pakistan's adaptation to climate change,especially the crop yield and the factors affecting the development of agricultural productivity.Due to South Asia's economic development and agricultural production's dependence on natural resources,and the country's access to renewable resources are extremely vulnerable to climate change,the Islamic Republic of Pakistan's fiscal shortage and natural resource constraints,Pakistan's crop income is highly dependent on climate change.The study chooses the Ricardian method to investigate the economic impact of climate change on crop farming in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP)province.In order to study the relationship between the net income of crops and climate variables,we collected household farmdata and climate variable data from the study area.This study included random sample data of 536 farmers in KP's 5 agro-ecological zones(AEZ).Based on the Atmospheric Ocean Circulation Model(AOGCM),the impact of changes in climate conditions on KP's various AEZs was analyzed.In particular,temperature increases may be harmful,especially during the critical growing season;the correlation of annual average temperature increase and rainfall reduction with net income deficit and alternative irrigation is evaluated.The results show that the increase in precipitation is positively correlated with net income,and the increase in temperature is negatively correlated with net income.The study uses a two-factor regression model to study the impact of changes in annual average temperature and annual average precipitation rate on agricultural productivity.The research results will provide a scientific basis for the specialization of agricultural production in Pakistan and the development of necessary agricultural activities.It will also help policymakers implement appropriate strategies in Pakistan to curb the negative impact of climate change on overall crop yields and farmers' incomes,especially in areas where productivity is more vulnerable.