Analysis Of The Economic Effects Of The German Pension Plan In The Background Of Population Aging

Influenced by Marxism,Germany became the first country to establish a social security system.After the Second World War,Germany's pension system has undergone a series of reforms,but as of the 1990 s,the reforms carried out by them were all parametric reforms,which could not solve the increasing population aging trend and the single pillar burden that Germany was facing at the time.The problem of overweight and underdeveloped supplementary pension insurance,coupled with the economic downturn at that time,slowed the growth rate,which in turn led to excessive financial pressure.Therefore,in order to alleviate this problem,Germany began to implement the Lister Pension Plan in 2001.The difference from the previous reform is that it introduces a complementary private accumulation system on the basis of pay-as-yougo financing methods.The purpose is to alleviate the pension gap problem caused by the "pine tree" change in the population structure.China is now also facing the problems of an aging population and underdeveloped supplementary pension insurance.The practical experience of Germany's List pension plan can be used as a reference to solve the development dilemma of China's supplementary pension insurance.This article takes the German List pension plan as the research object.First,through the development process of the German social security system and the German pension insurance system after World War II,the reasons for the 21 st century List pension plan are introduced.Secondly,the main contents of the German List pension plan are explained in terms of reform characteristics,reform goals and implementation effects.Among them,the reform characteristics focus on the analysis of incentive schemes for savings subsidies;and then use a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis Explore the relationship between the economic burden rate of pension insurance and unemployment rate,private savings rate,the proportion of elderly population and GDP growth rate,and then summarize the economic effect of the German List pension plan in the context of population aging.Finally,on the basis of summarizing the experience of the German List pension plan reform,it provides corresponding suggestions for the development of the Chinese pension insurance system.The innovation of this paper is to use the ECM model to compare the economic effects of the Lister pension plan before and after operation from the aspects of savings and labor supply,and find that after the reform,the increase in savings caused by the leverage effect and the retirement effect The effect is greater than the effect of reducing savings caused by asset substitution and crowding out effects.