Study On Sustainable Development Of Ecotourism In Nature Reserves Under The Background Of New Protected Areas System

The 2019 Guidance on the Establishment of Nature Protected System with National Parks proposes to build a classification system for nature reserves with Chinese characteristics,to promote the protection of the modernization of governance system and governance capacity,to enhance the supply capacity of ecological products,and to put forward new and higher requirements on the functions,roles and positioning,etc of ecotourism.However,the ecotourism being carried out in most nature reserves in our country now is not ecotourism in its true sense,and has already had a negative impact on the ecological environment and biodiversity in the areas.Therefore,under the background of the big pattern of ecological civilization construction,this paper attempts to sort out the specific requirements of the new protection system for the development of ecological tourism in national nature reserves,to construct the development model of ecological tourism and the evaluation system of sustainable development,and to make beneficial exploration for the sustainable development of ecological tourism in national nature reserves.Based on a systematic summary of the latest research progress in ecotourism,and its development model and the evaluation system of ecotourism sustainable development,this paper constructs the ecotourism development model according to the characteristics of ecotourism in different development stages of national nature reserve,uses Delphi method to construct the evaluation index system of ecotourism sustainable development,adopts objective linear weighting-sum function method to establish the index evaluation and assessment model,and finally takes Jangxi Yangjifeng National Nature Reserve in as an example to conduct an empirical study on ecotourism sustainable development evaluation.The main conclusions of this study are summarized as follows:(1)A model bank for sustainable development of ecotourism in national protected reserves has been establishedIt is a difficult starting period-the government-led ecological education type;the slow growth period-the moderate recreation type in which the government guides enterprises to participate;the mature period with standardization-the government directs the market-oriented deep Integration type.At the same time,it analyzes andputs forward the most suitable mode at present is ecological education type led by the government.(2)An evaluation system for sustainable development of ecotourism has been establishedThe eco-education ecotourism sustainable development evaluation system led by the government adopts the target layer-criterion layer-sub-criterion layer-index framework.The criterion layer consists of four parts: system,society,environment and ecology,with a total of 42 evaluation indexes.By using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)the weight of the evaluation index system is determined,the index evaluation model is established,the index system is quantified and standardized,and the evaluation standard for sustainable development is established.(3)An empirical study was conducted on Jiangxi Yangjifeng National Nature ReserveThe evaluation score for the sustainable development of ecotourism in this reserve is 39.53,which is at the stage of preparation for sustainable development.Based on the analysis of the evaluation results,the reserve area can optimize and adjust ecological tourism in the following directions: establish ecological ethics,develop scientific planning orderly;strengthen policy support and innovate management system;highlight the characteristics of ecological education and carry out profound eco-tourism experience;build a high-quality interpretation system and realize the combination of teaching and traveling perfectly.Implement the best environmental management and carry out sustainable development assessment regularly.