Positive Emotion And The Migrant Workers’ Urban Entrepreneurship

Since the implementation of the "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" strategy,China’s entrepreneurial activities have shown an active trend year by year.Private economy is becoming more and more important for absorbing labor force,promoting economic development and raising individual income.Migrant workers have accumulated a lot of material capital and human capital in their working experience.They are very important potential entrepreneurs.It is an important way to promote urban and rural economic development,promote employment and realize citizenization of migrant workers.However,due to the high survival pressure of migrant workers and the high uncertainty of entrepreneurship,the incidence of urban entrepreneurship of migrant workers is low.According to behavioral economics,positive emotions are an important factor in activating entrepreneurship.Under the realistic situation of high psychological pressure and survival pressure of migrant workers,the existing research still lacks to explore and explain the decision-making mechanism of migrant workers’ entrepreneurial behavior in cities from the perspective of positive emotions.In this paper,positive emotion is firstly introduced into the production function as an intangible capital element to modify the classic model of entrepreneurial choice,and then the influence of positive emotion on the entrepreneurial choice of migrant workers and its mechanism are analyzed.The results of the theoretical model show that positive emotions not only have a direct positive effect on the occurrence of urban entrepreneurship of migrant workers,but also can improve the possibility of urban entrepreneurship of migrant workers by improving their risk appetite.Further,we subdivide entrepreneurial activities into survival entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship,and explore the heterogeneous influence and mechanism of positive emotions on different entrepreneurial activities.The main findings of this study include: first,migrant workers who choose to start businesses in cities account for 28.02% of the total sample.In the group of entrepreneurs,77.40% choose survival entrepreneurship and 22.67% choose opportunity entrepreneurship.In terms of its chosen industry,wholesale and retail ranked first.From the perspective of geographical distribution,the incidence of urban entrepreneurship of migrant workers is high in the middle and low in the east and west.According to the analysis of the characteristic difference between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs,the positive emotion of entrepreneurs is 0.49% higher than that of non-entrepreneurs.In addition to positive emotions and risk preference,the two groups of migrant workers also had significant differences inpersonal characteristics,family characteristics,urban characteristics and other aspects,and the above differences were statistically significant at least 10% significance level.Second,the increase in positive emotions will significantly increase the probability of migrant workers choosing to start their businesses in cities.By solving the model of entrepreneurial choice,this study mathematically discusses the role of positive emotions in promoting urban entrepreneurship of migrant workers,and discusses the difference between the effects of positive emotions on survival entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship.After the adoption of ivprobit-cmp method to overcome the endogeneity problem,it was found that when other factors remained unchanged,the probability of choosing to start a business in the city increased by 15.53% for every unit of positive emotion of migrant workers.It can be believed that under the effect of positive emotions,migrant workers have a more acute judgment and grasp of entrepreneurial opportunities in the society,and under this effect,migrant workers will make a positive prediction of the future and stimulate their entrepreneurship.Due to their children’s education is the important factors that affect whether migrant workers leave the city,this article will total sample subdivided into their children’s reading groups and children not reading group,the study found that in the case of other conditions unchanged,migrant workers children reading positive emotions and increase per unit,the city of entrepreneurial probability increased by 23.7%,6.3% higher than that of children not reading groups.This conclusion further indicates that,as an important component of family expenditure,the expenditure on children’s education can encourage migrant workers to engage in higher income jobs to ease the pressure of family survival.Compared with employment or going back to the countryside to work,entrepreneurship is a career choice with high returns.Therefore,the children’s better survival and development are the strong impetus for their parents to carry out entrepreneurial activities.Third,positive emotions have a greater impact on survival entrepreneurship.After the discussion on the subdivision of entrepreneurial activities into subsistence entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship,it was found that for every unit of positive emotion increased,the probability of migrant workers choosing subsistence entrepreneurship increased by 17.1% and the probability of choosing opportunity entrepreneurship increased by 22.4%.The explanation for this is that survival entrepreneurs,even if they do not have positive emotions,are rigid driven by livelihood pressure,the probability of passive choice of survival entrepreneurship is still very high,which is less affected by positive emotions.On the contrary,as opportunistic entrepreneurship is more proactive and risky,it is more influenced and resilient by positive emotions.In the face of career choice,positive emotions can increase the probability of farmers choosing opportunistic entrepreneurship.Fourth,in the action path of positiveemotion on migrant workers’ urban entrepreneurship,the influence of positive emotion on migrant workers’ urban entrepreneurship choice can be decomposed into 92.93% direct effect and 7.07% mediating effect of risk preference.It can be seen that positive emotions play a leading role and risk preference plays a weak role in the choice of entrepreneurship path of migrant workers in cities.Further research on the mediating effect of positive emotions on different types of entrepreneurship shows that risk preference plays a stronger mediating effect in opportunistic entrepreneurship than in survival entrepreneurship.The results of self-sampling by khb-mlogit and BOOTSTRAP show that in opportunistic entrepreneurship,the influence of positive emotions can be decomposed into 89.15% direct effect and 10.85%mediating effect of risk appetite.In survival entrepreneurship,only positive emotions play a leading role.Combined with the above research conclusions,this paper suggests that the government,society and individuals should make efforts to promote the positive emotions of migrant workers.First,you can improve your positive emotions by setting challenging and attainable goals,strengthening your tolerance to failure and organizing training courses related to emotional management.Secondly,we should grasp the scale of positive emotion and guard against the cognitive bias of entrepreneurship.Finally,we should strengthen the positive emotional experience,improve own psychological quality and build a variety of psychological ability.