The effects of Behavioral Relaxation Training on relaxation states and mindfulness

An experimental analysis of the effects of Behavioral Relaxation Training on self-reported mindfulness and relaxation states (R-States) was conducted using a multiple-baseline across subjects design. Three college-age students, with no history of relaxation or meditation training or current anxiolytic use, took part. Dependent variables were the Behavioral Relaxation Scale (BRS), a direct observation measure of relaxed behavior, and two self-report questionnaires; the Smith Relaxation State Inventory-Revised (SRSIR), and the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). The independent variable was Behavioral Relaxation Training (BRT). Following baseline assessment participants met weekly for six, 20-minute training sessions of reclined BRT. A post training assessment was conducted after each session. Percent relaxed behavior increased immediately following BRT. In baseline, R-states were variable, and mindfulness scores were high. Following BRT, systematic increases were reported on 12 of the 15 R-States and 3 of the five mindfulness facets. Many of these effects were maintained at follow-up.