Energy storage for short-term and long-term wind energy support

Wind farm output power fluctuations create adverse effects on the voltage, frequency, and transient stability of the utility grid. Short term wind farm power variations and steep ramp rates cause voltage instability, especially if the farm is located in weak grid areas. In this thesis, integration of wind energy with energy storage devices to support the short-term shortcomings of wind energy is discussed. A turbine level hybrid configuration of an energy storage system is used to limit the power ramp rate and apply power smoothing. The utilized energy storages devices are zinc bromide flow battery and Lithium-Ion Capacitors (LIC). The actual models of the battery and capacitor, which are derived from testing, are used in this study. The wind farm power is also modeled using measured wind speed data. FCP and ACP as two new concepts have been introduced to evaluate the effect of energy storage system for wind energy support. The analyses show that significant improvements can be made to shape the output power of the farm using practical and turbine level energy storage systems.;Moreover, this thesis studies a wind farm integrated with a storage device in order to shift the wind power generation to the peak demand periods. A model of system including practical utility level battery integrated with wind farm at wind turbine level is developed and presented. In order to measure the effect of this integration, actual profiles of load, wind energy, and other power sources is studied and the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) for wind energy, after and before adding the battery, is calculated. Results show that the battery can make some improvements in the ELCC of wind energy.;At the end, a wind emulator is built in the lab, and was connected to storage device which is tied to the grid. Different tests were run for various conditions. The wind emulator power data indicates the need for a mechanism to reduce the uncertainty of wind power. The analyses and results show that wind power variations and fluctuations can be mitigated using practical storage systems with proper control algorithms.