The logic of military modernizatio

This study analyzes the sources of military modernization in four states. Two leading theories of modernization are tested against contemporary evidence from India, Pakistan, North Korea and Chile.;The rational adaptation model, derived from realist theory, accurately describes the motivation of procurement officials in regional powers. States with imminent security risks modernize in order to narrow relative deficiencies and exploit advantages versus their rivals. States in more secure environs are more likely to pursue long-term upgrades as they prepare for less specific future contingencies.;The competing theory, or institutional isomorphism model, contends that mimicry drives modernization. Lesser powers attempt to approximate the leader in arms technology even if procurement does not rationally address their security needs. The institutional isomorphism model proves unsatisfying against the evidence.