Study On Soluble Phenols And Fatty Acids In Quinoa From Inner Mongolia

Since its introduction to China in 2000,quinoa has been widely used in all aspects of food and health care.Quinoa is rich in polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids,which is a healthy food with three levels of health reduction,antioxidant,and whole nutrition.The soluble phenolic substances and fatty acids in quinoa were studied in this paper.This experiment is divided into three parts.In the first part,quinoa from Inner Mongolia was used as raw material,and soluble phenol in quinoa was extracted by organic solvent water bath oscillation method and microwave-assisted method,and the optimal process combination was obtained through response surface analysis test.Then four kinds of quinoa from different types and producing areas were selected to extract polyphenols,and in vitro activity experiments were carried out to compare the antioxidant capacity of different kinds of quinoa.In the second part,quinoa from Inner Mongolia was used to make a horizontal comparison of fatty acid composition with other two roughage grains in this region.The third part is the animal experiment,using quinoa to feed the diabetic model mice for 45 days,to compare the changes of blood glucose,the influence of fasting insulin level and insulin sensitivity index.The results showed that:(1)After optimization,the optimal extraction process combination of quinoa polyphenols was as follows: solid-liquid ratio of 1:25,extraction time of 110 min,microwave power of 270 W,microwave time of 110 s,and ethanol concentration of 60%.(2)In the experiment of DPPH free radical scavenging ability,the highest scavenging ability of quinoa polyphenol extract at the same concentration was No.4,followed by No.1,No.2 and No.3.However,when the dosage was greater than 0.04 mg/m L,the scavenging capacity was lower than Vc.In the experiment of superoxide anion radical scavenging ability,the scavenging ability of four quinoa polyphenol extracts were all greater than Vc,and the scavenging ability was: 3,4,2,1;In this experiment,the biological scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical of four kinds of quinoa polyphenol extracts was all higher than Vc,and the scavenging ability was as follows: 4,1,3 and 2.In the experiment of nitrite ion scavenging ability,the scavenging ability of four quinoa polyphenols extracts was all greater than Vc,and the scavenging ability was: No.2,No.4,No.1 and No.3 in order.In summary,it can be concluded that among the four kinds of quinoa polyphenols,the quinoa from No.4 Inner Mongolia region has the strongest antioxidant capacity.(3)The optimal extraction process of quinoa oil was as follows: solid-liquid ratio of1:15,extraction time of 6 min and microwave power of 600 W.(4)The fatty acid composition of quinoa oil was: linoleic acid 55.31%,oleic acid24.12%,monounsaturated fatty acid 24.05%,polyunsaturated fatty acid 66.42%,saturated fatty acid 11.47%;The fatty acid composition of naked oats oil is: linoleic acid 39.79%,oleic acid 36.30%,monounsaturated fatty acid 37.3%,polyunsaturated fatty acid 41.3%,saturated fatty acid 21.4%;The fatty acid composition of buckwheat oil is: linoleic acid34.98%,oleic acid 38.22%,monounsaturated fatty acid 40.20%,polyunsaturated fatty acid39.51%,saturated fatty acid 20.30%.Linoleic acid content in quinoa oil is very high,far more than the other two kinds of coarse grains in Inner Mongolia,in addition quinoa oil also contains rich linolenic acid,the total content of 8.03%,far more than naked oats oil in1.43% and buckwheat oil in 2.04%.(5)In the animal experiment,the blood glucose of mice in quinoa feeding group significantly changed,and the hypoglycemic rate reached 45.79%;The fasting insulin index of mice fed quinoa was significantly different from that of diabetic mice.These results indicated that quinoa could reduce blood glucose and effectively promote insulin secretion in diabetic mice.