| Objective: Analyzing pesticide residues in vegetables sold in the market in Jilin Province from 2017 to 2019,to understand and master the detection rate and over standard rate of pesticide residues,multi-residual pesticides,and the detection status of banned and restricted pesticides.And then assess risk assessments for detected and excess pesticides.The evaluation of food safety problems that may exist in vegetables,can provide a reference for further proposing corresponding solutions,provide data support for the revision of relevant food safety standards,improve the efficiency of supervision,and ensure the safety of vegetables.Methods: The data in this study belong to the National Food Contamination Reporting System,which is the national routine monitoring data of vegetable pesticide residues in the monitoring of food contaminants and harmful factors in Jilin Province from 2017 to 2019.The monitoring area covers 9 cities(states)in Jilin Province,and the circulation links include farmers' markets and stores(supermarkets,convenience stores,and franchise stores).A total of 286 samples of 8 types of vegetables(beans,rhizomes and yam,melons,nightshade,bulbs,aquatic,leafy vegetables,and brassicas)are monitored for insecticide and fungicide residues,and 9732 pieces of data were obtained.Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS 24.0 were used for data entry,sorting,and statistical analysis.The description of each index was expressed as rate or proportion,and the chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability test was used for comparison between groups.P<0.05 was considered that the results were statistically significant.Results: 1.From 2017 to 2019,the total detection rate of pesticide residues in vegetables on the market was 69.93%,and the total over standard rate was 5.94%.From 2017 to 2019,the detection rates were 54.17%,90.00%,and 67.00%,and the analysis of different year's detection rates showed that there were statistically significant(P<0.001);the over standard rates were 5.21%,10.00%,3.00%,and the analysis of different years over standard rates cannot be considered statistically significant(P=0.117).The detection rates of beans,rhizomes and yam,melons,nightshade,bulbs,aquatic,leafy vegetables,and brassicas were 60.00%,63.04%,61.11%,68.57%,75.61%,42.86%,82.02%,56.00%,and the analysis of different vegetable types detection rates showed that there were statistically significant(P=0.043);the over standard rates were 4.00%,0.00%,0.00%,8.57%,21.95%,0.00%,4.49%,0.00%,and the analysis of different vegetable types over standard rates showed that there were statistically significant(P=0.003).The detection rates of insecticides and fungicides were 26.92% and 64.69%,and the analysis of different types of pesticides showed that there were statistically significant(P<0.001);the over standard rates were 4.20% and 2.10%,and the analysis of different types of pesticides over standard rates cannot be considered statistically significant(P=0.151).The detection rates of Baicheng City,Baishan City,Jilin City,Liaoyuan City,Siping City,Songyuan City,Tonghua City,Yanbian Chaoxian Nationality Autonomous Prefecture,Changchun City were 41.67%,91.67%,47.62%,71.87%,67.50%,100.00%,80.00%,61.54%,62.50%,and the analysis of different cities(states)showed that there were statistically significant(P=0.001);the over standard rates were 0.00%,12.50%,0.00%,9.37%,2.50%,25.00%,5.33%,3.85%,12.50%,and the analysis of different cities(states)over standard rates cannot be considered statistically significant(P=0.184).The detection rates of farmers' markets and stores(supermarkets,convenience stores,and franchise stores)were 68.71% and 71.22%,the over standard rates were 4.76% and 7.19%,and the analysis of different circulation links detection rates and over standard rates are both cannot be considered statistically significant(P=0.643,P=0.385).2.From the perspective of different vegetable types,two or more pesticide residues were detected in 117 vegetable samples,and the total multi-residual rate was 40.91%.The number of pesticide residues ranged from 2 to 10,accounting for 14.34%,9.79%,6.99%,4.90%,1.75%,2.10%,0.70%,0.00%,0.35%.The multi-residual rates of 8 types of vegetables including beans,rhizomes and yam,melons,nightshade,bulbs,aquatic,leafy vegetables,and brassicas were 40.00%,19.57%,38.89%,51.43%,41.46%,28.57%,57.30%,12.00%.Almost all of the multiresidual samples detected contain dithiocarbamate pesticides.The multi-residual pesticides of pepper and celery are more serious.From the perspective of different pesticide types,the number of pesticide residues ranged from 2 to 4,accounting for 8.04%,1.75%,and 1.05%;the number of fungicides residues ranged from 2 to 6,accounting for 12.59%,10.49%,6.29%,2.45%,1.05%.A total of 62 vegetable samples had both pesticides and fungicides residues,accounting for 21.68%.The multi-residual rates of pesticides and fungicides were 10.84%,and 32.87%.3.A total of 52 vegetable samples were detected with banned and restricted pesticides,and the total detection rate was 18.18%.One banned pesticide methyl parathion was detected.Eight kinds of restricted pesticides including chlorpyrifos,fipronil,phorate,carbofuran,triazophos,isocarbophos,aldicarb,and omethoate were detected.The banned and restricted pesticides detected are all pesticides.Nine kinds of banned and restricted pesticides were detected to varying degrees in different years,different vegetable types,different monitoring areas,and different circulation links.4.According to the long-term risk coefficient of pesticides that exceeded the standard,the risk coefficient of procymidone was above 2.5,as the high risk;the risk coefficient of phorate and carbofuran were between 1.5 and 2.5,as the moderate risk;The risk coefficient of chlorpyrifos and rhizoma below 1.5,as the low risk.The residue of procymidone in leek was serious.According to the IFS of the detected pesticides,when the pesticide residue was the average value,the IFS in all pesticides were less than 1,and most of them were far less than 1.The (?) was less than 1,and the safety of vegetable status was acceptable.When the pesticide residue was the maximum value,the IFS in procymidone,phorate,carbofuran,prochloraz,dithiocarbamate,and isoprocarb pesticides were above 1.These six kinds of pesticides were the main factors affecting the safety of vegetables,and when the estimated intake of vegetables was 0.500kg/d,the safety status of vegetables was unacceptable.Conclusions: 1.The total detection rate of pesticide residues in vegetables was relatively high,but the total over standard rate is at a general level.In 2018,the detection rate was the highest.The top three kinds of vegetable types in detection rate and over standard rate were nightshade,bulbs,and leafy vegetables.The detection rate of pesticides was lower than that of fungicides.The top three monitoring areas in detection rate and over standard rate were Songyuan City,Baishan City,and Tonghua City.2.There were different levels of pesticides,fungicides,and mixed residues of the two in vegetables on the market.The dithiocarbamate pesticides had the most residues.Residues of pepper and celery were more serious.3.There were 9 banned and restricted pesticides detected.4.It is recommended to focus on monitoring the residues of procymidone,phorate,and carbofuran on vegetables.Although chlorpyrifos and aldicarb were low risk pesticides,they should also be monitored because they are restricted pesticides.The residual situation of procymidone in leek was more serious.The food safety risk of detected pesticides needs to be further evaluated before concluding. |
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