Research On The Correlation Between Ecological Fragility And Economic Poverty In Chongqing

The ecological environment is an important prerequisite and fundamental cornerstone for human survival and economic and social development.With the improvement of the economic level and the gradual acceleration of the urbanization process,large-scale industrial construction and population pressure are increasing,such as soil erosion,land desertification,rocky desertification,poor ecosystem quality and other ecological environmental problems are still serious.The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out "Insist on harmonious coexistence between man and nature".It means that the modernization we want to build is a modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously,which has pointed out the direction and planned the route for China’s future ecological civilization construction and green development.The "New Outline of China’s Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development(2011-2020)" put forward the idea of "Persist in combining poverty alleviation development with ecological construction and environmental protection,promoting the coordination of economic society and population environment".However,economically poor areas are often areas with strong ecological fragility,these areas not only undertake the task of ecological protection,but also face the dual pressure of restricting development and economic backwardness for a long time.On the basis of reviewing domestic and foreign research progress and related theories,this research defines the concepts of ecological fragility and economic poverty.Economic poverty specifically refers to the low level of comprehensive economic development in a certain region,which leads to relatively lagging regional development.This paper takes Chongqing as the study area,which straddles the two concentrated and contiguous areas of Qinba Mountain and Wuling Mountain.Combining its natural ecological conditions and economic development characteristics.Based on the theory of sustainable development,measure ecological fragility and economic poverty,characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of the two,further study the coupling relationship between the two.Provide relevant policy suggestions for the coordinated development of ecology and economy in the study area,with a view to promoting the sustainable and healthy development.First of all,using RS and GIS technology to process various data such as elevation data,meteorological data,and land use data in the study area.According to the SRP model,it was selected from ecological sensitivity,ecological resilience and ecological stress three aspects selected 10 indicators such as elevation,slope,average annual temperature,vegetation coverage,population density,etc.Constructing Chongqing’s ecological vulnerability evaluation index system.Combining the improved entropy method and the ecological vulnerability model to obtain the ecological vulnerability index of Chongqing and its districts and counties analyze its temporal and spatial characteristics.Grasp the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and changing laws of ecological vulnerability in the study area.Secondly,from the social and economic dimensions,14 indicators including the proportion of the tertiary industry,the per capita living consumption expenditure of rural residents,the per capita sown area of crops,the number of beds in medical institutions per 10,000 people and the proportion of the population aged 18-59 are selected to build Chongqing’s economy poverty evaluation index system.Based on Arc GIS,Geo Da and other software platforms,using economic poverty index calculation methods,exploratory spatial data analysis methods and other methods,explored and analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and agglomeration degree of the economic poverty index of Chongqing and various districts and counties,in-depth knowledge of the economic poverty in the study area.Finally,based on analysis of ecological fragility and economic poverty,using the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree models to further explore the coupling relationship between the two and propose optimal control policies.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The ecological vulnerability index of Chongqing City showed a downward trend during the study period,the ecological quality gradually developed to benign.However,the ecological fragility of various districts and counties has obvious differences in spatial distribution,generally presents the characteristics of high in the middle and low in the surroundings.The level of ecological vulnerability has changed from severely vulnerable in 2014 to slightly vulnerable in 2018.The top 5 districts and counties with the largest decline from 2014 to 2018 are Xiushan,Chengkou,Liangping,Kaizhou and Dianjiang.The ecological vulnerability in the study area has obvious spatial differences.The research results showed that the areas with high ecological vulnerability are mainly central urban areas.The districts and counties with the highest ecological vulnerability index in 2014,2016 and 2018 were always Jiulongpo,Dadukou,Shapingba,Nanan and Jiangbei.(2)The Chongqing economic poverty index showed an overall downward trend during the study period,the level of economic development gradually increased,but the rate of decline varies from district to district.The regions with high economic poverty index were mainly concentrated in the northeast and southeast of Chongqing,the degree of agglomeration in this region is high.Its distribution is high in the northeast and southeast,low in other regions.The overall economic poverty index score of Chongqing has shown a downward trend year by year,from 22.6162 in 2014 to 17.4656 in 2018.The economic poverty index during the study period was calculated by difference,it was found that the decline was the largest in 2016-2017,reaching 1.4227.However,the rate of decline varies slightly between different districts and counties.Areas with relatively high levels of economic poverty generally appear in southeastern Chongqing and northeastern Chongqing.The characteristics of spatial agglomeration in the study area are obvious,but the degree of spatial agglomeration slowly declined during the study.High-high value agglomeration areas mainly covered the northeast and southeast of Chongqing,low-low value agglomeration areas mainly covered the central city and its surrounding districts and counties.(3)During the study period,low coupling types(Low coupling and Moderate coupling)of ecological vulnerability and economic poverty increase in Chongqing.High coupling type(Heavily coupled and Extremely coupled)reduction.The number of coordinated districts and counties has decreased,the number of unbalanced districts and counties has increased and there are differences in spatial distribution.Presenting a semi-circular shape with the central urban area as the core,from the inside to the outside,the spatial distribution pattern of "dissonance-coordination-dissonance".The research shows the number of low and medium coupled types of districts and counties has gradually increased from 16 in 2014 to 21 in 2018,they are mainly distributed in the three areas of downtown Chongqing,northeast Chongqing and southeast Chongqing.The number of highly and extremely coupled types of districts and counties has been drastically reduced from 21 in 2014 to 16,mainly concentrated in western Chongqing and the surrounding areas of the central city.Among the types of coupling coordination degrees in various districts and counties of Chongqing from 2014 to 2018,the number of coordinated districts and counties decreased from 21 to 18 and the number of unbalanced types increased from 16 to 19.Among them,the coordinated districts and counties mainly cover the surrounding areas of downtown Chongqing,the unbalanced districts and counties mainly cover the three areas of downtown Chongqing,northeast Chongqing and southeast Chongqing.Specifically,the number of coordinated synchronous counties increased from 4 to 6,the number of coordinated economic lagging counties decreased from 12 to 8,the number of coordinated environmental lagging counties decreased from 5 to 4.The number of counties with imbalance and co-losses decreased from 2 to 0,those with imbalance and environmental damage increased from 7 to 8,and those with imbalance and economic damage increased from 7to 11.(4)This paper puts forward different development suggestions for different types of coupling coordination differences: coordinating the lagging economy and the imbalanced economy should strengthen the regional characteristic industry system,rationally optimize the allocation of resources,strengthen infrastructure construction and develop characteristic emerging industries.To coordinate the environmentally lagging type and the imbalanced environment-damaged type,a new type of green ecological modern agriculture should be developed,a resource and environmental protection mechanism should be established,government supervision should be strengthened and the industrial structure should be optimized.