Integration Of Life Cycle Carbon Emission And Life Cycle Cost Using Building Information Modeling:Methodology And Case Study

Buildings have produced amounts of carbon emission and huge costs throughout their life cycle,and they have affected the environmental and economic sustainability of the construction industry.In the past,the Chinese carbon emission coefficient database for the construction industry is lacking.The calculation and assessment of life cycle carbon emission（LCCE）and life cycle cost（LCC）are always independent.Therefore,through literature search,this thesis further perfects the database containing more carbon emission coefficient because of the imperfection of the Chinese carbon emission coefficient database.Targeting to solve the difficulties of integrating LCCE and LCC,this paper proposes a four-step framework for integrating LCCE and LCC based on building information modeling（BIM）,including a)Boundary system of aims and scopes;b)Using the BIM model to obtain the life cycle inventory;c)Calculation of LCCE and LCC;and d)Analysis of LCCE and LCC.Finally,in Anhui,China,a hospital is taken as the case study to verify the framework.The case study results show that the LCCE is 40,102.98tCO₂-eq and the LCC is 79,842,572.10 yuan.The carbon emission of embodied stage,operation stage,maintenance stage,and demolition stage are 3,166.87 tCO₂-eq（7.90%）,36,600.00tCO₂-eq（91.27%）,91.49 tCO₂-eq（0.23%）,and 244.62 tCO₂-eq（0.61%）,respectively.The costs of these stages are 8,828,728.44 yuan（11.06%）,69,186,621.00yuan（86.70%）,767,348.43 yuan（0.91%）,and 1,059,874.23 yuan（1.33%）,respectively.The net present value of LCC is 38,991,306.71 yuan,28,102,632.19 yuan,and21,402,182.68 yuan,respectively,under discount rates of 4%,7%,and 11%.This study addresses the gap in integrating LCCE and LCC based on BIM in China,making it possible to quickly assess LCCE and LCC in building design stage.It is beneficial to balancing the environmental impact and economic impact of buildings,improving the sustainability of the construction industry,and further promoting China’s goal of reaching carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutral in 2060.