The Study Of Landscape Pattern Of Settlements Nearby River Valley In Wuling Mountain Area

The Wuling Mountain area is the settlements of Tujia,Miao,Dong,and other ethnic groups in China,forming a vernacular landscape pattern of settlements with regional characteristics;meanwhile,this area is one of the most concentrated poverty areas in China.Under poverty alleviation demand and stimulation of rural tourism,a decreasing trend has been shown on the landscape diversity and authenticity.This study macroscopically scooped the Wuling mountain area,and took the settlements near the Longtan River,which flowing in Xuan’en County,Enshi Prefecture,as the specific research object.This study combined cluster analysis,spatial analysis,and numerous quantitative and visual research methods founded on field research and mapping data.Adopting the total-sub-total route to give a quantitative study of the landscape pattern of settlements nearby river valley in the Wuling mountain area.First of all,delimit that this research on the landscape pattern of settlements was a summary of the material spatial form with regional characteristics.Based on the literature research and the current situation,the landscape pattern of settlements was progressively analyzed from three perspectives: macro,medium,and micro.In detail,conduct research from three perspectives:(1)From the macroscopic regional level,the study of the landscape pattern and the characteristics which are traditional site selection in the karst landform Wuling mountain area was conducted by analyzing the geographic information data of 81 traditional Chinese villages in Enshi Prefecture.It concluded that the site selection of most traditional villages was tending to locate on lowaltitude and gentle slopes with variable orientation based on the changes of mountain slopes.(2)From the intermediate perspective of villages,the study focused on settlements about their distribution,the overall structures,and the morphological characteristics of internal elements.It settled the conclusion that the distribution characteristics of settlements along the river gathered in units of families with the same surname.In total,the latitudinal distribution was layered by mountains,houses,farmlands,and water.This system was interdependently formed by the units arranged in order along the contour lines,the farmlands in the form of wavy terraces,as well as necessary infrastructures such as the water supply,drainage,and road traffic.(3)From the perspective of the site space,research the characteristic landscape pattern of the space such as vertical space,the space around the house,and traffic space.Analyzed field treatment methods of vertical space from the two types of building monomers and clusters.The space around the house includes courtyard,space under the eaves,ditch beside the house,and family vegetable plot.The covered bridge,and enclosed space under the eaves of traffic space,simultaneously functions as public activity space as well.Last,after summarized the landscape pattern of settlements nearby river valley in Wuling Mountain,this paper explored the mechanism behind the form,combined with various culture influencing factors and the various requirements of space use.This article takes Wuling Mountain as an example,hoped that it could serve as a frame reference for the research of regional vernacular landscape patterns,collect research samples for protecting the diversity of vernacular landscape,and provide a theoretical basis for regional planning and site design.