Study On The Relationship Between Urban Spatial Structure And Traffic Congestion Based On Big Data

China is in the process of rapid urbanization.The expansion of urban scale and the continuous enrichment of functions make urban problems increasingly complicated.With the rapid increase of the number of urban motor vehicles,the coordinated development with traffic is ignored in urban rapid construction,which leads to the increasing pressure of urban traffic.Urban traffic management has become a worldwide problem.Although cities have made relevant efforts in traffic management,road infrastructure and other aspects,which can alleviate traffic congestion to a certain extent,it is still a drop in the bucket.Traffic congestion has become one of the factors restricting the sustainable development of cities Traffic congestion is a complex system problem.We should solve the traffic problems at different levels together.This paper attempts to jump out of the perspective of traffic theory and the traditional "four stage prediction method",which is based on the idea that traffic congestion is a systematic problem relying on urban space.From the perspective of the whole city,this study explores the relationship between spatial structure and traffic congestion,and uses urban big data to quantitatively analyze the relationship between urban spatial structure and traffic congestion.Hoping to make the coordinated development of urban space and traffic,it has important theoretical and practical significance for solving traffic congestion and achieving sustainable development of urban space and transportation.Based on the literature review,this study summarizes the previous research results and research methods,and sorts out the classic topic of the relationship between urban spatial structure and urban traffic as the theoretical basis of the study.The urban spatial structure can be divided into two types: dominant structure and recessive structure.The dominant structure reflects the physical attributes of the city in terms of its external physical form,such as urban density and land use structure.The recessive structure reflects the social attributes of the city through the economic flow of the urban population,such as the spatial change of population and the economic distribution,which can not be directly observed,but can better reflect the essence of the urban spatial structure.Based on the theory of spatial structure and urban traffic,this study analyzes the mechanism of spatial structure and traffic congestion,and constructs the theoretical framework of the relationship between spatial structure and traffic congestion.Based on the theoretical framework,this study takes the main urban area of Qingdao as an example,uses the spatial analysis method based on big data to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of urban spatial structure and traffic congestion,and analyzes the internal consistency of the two.Through GWR(Geographically weighted regression)analysis,the spatial correlation between urban spatial structure and traffic congestion is verified,and the verification results are taken as the premise of quantitative model analysis.Then the regression model is established,including the model of urban spatial structure and traffic congestion intensity and the model of urban spatial structure and traffic congestion type.According to the regression conclusion,the causes of congestion are interpreted from the spatial structure level.Finally,based on the perspective of spatial structure,the optimization suggestions of traffic congestion are put forward.The study draws the following main conclusions: In the main urban area of Qingdao,there are obvious spatial distribution differences and time variation rules between urban spatial structure and traffic congestion,and the characteristics of the two are consistent;Through the analysis of spatial heterogeneity,it is proved that there is a relationship between them in spatial attribute;The results of quantitative relationship analysis are as follows: In the invisible structure,the population spatial change has a strong influence on the intensity and type of congestion,so it is necessary to study the invisible structure;In the visible structure,the spatial pattern has the most obvious influence on the type of congestion,and the land use mixing degree has a strong positive correlation with the intensity of congestion.Based on this,the paper summarizes the main causes of congestion from the spatial structure level,mainly including the "end-to-end" geographical location,the imperfect central pattern,the separation of occupation and residence of "South Industry and North accommodation" and the polarization of urban functional areas.The optimization suggestions are put forward from the levels of urban periphery,overall and local,including the development of peripheral new towns,optimization of the visible spatial structure layout,development of TOD,traffic oriented terminal management,etc.