| In recent years,with a significant increase in the installed capacity and penetration of renewable energy generation,new bottlenecks and challenges have emerged in the development of the industry.On the one hand,renewable energy is highly random,and its fully accommodation faces quite a few obstacles;On the other hand,the Renewable Energy Development Fund of China has a huge gap,and thus it is difficult to continue the feed-in tariffs subsidy policy.In this instance,the National Energy Administration of China decided to formally implement the Renewable Portfolio Standards(RPS).The aim of this policy is to increase the market demand for renewable energy generation through quota obligations,and at the same time to create market demand for green certificates on the power retail side,hoping to use the sale proceeds of green certificates to ease the short-term negative impact of the withdrawal of the subsidy policy on the interests of renewable energy power generators.When it comes to the implementation of RPS,the allocation strategy of quotas both among multi-regions and between market entities in a specific region has a significant impact on the implementation effect of the policy;meanwhile,the interests of the market entities subject to RPS constraint face major challenges and it is necessary to rationally adjust its operating strategy.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out research on the quota allocation strategy and the behavior strategy of market entities under the quota constraint.This thesis focuses on the allocation strategy of quota tasks among multiple regions,the optimized settlement of quota fulfillment amount of market entities within a specific region,and the energy management strategy of power retailers under quota constraints.These researches could provide reference for the relevant departments to formulate quota allocation scheme and analyze possible market responses,to promote the long-term and stable development of the renewable energy industry.The details are as follows:In order to solve the problems of ignoring the actual operation of the power grid when quotas are allocated,and the lack of transparency in quota allocation,a quota optimization allocation model of multi-region system considering cross-region power transmission is proposed.Considering the operating characteristics of cross-region DC tie lines,and constraints such as quota total requirements,inter-region power balance,and unit operation,the multi-region quota task optimization allocation model aims at maximizing the overall social welfare of the system.In order to analyze the impact of the quota task allocation scheme on the cross-regional purchase of electricity between the sender and receiver areas,the optimal power purchase decision model for receiver regions and the optimal power delivery decision model for the sender region under the quota constraint are established respectively.Based on the typical scenario set,the annual simulation operation is performed to solve the annual allocation plan of the quota task.Case analysis shows that the model can promote the cross-regional consumption of renewable energy.In order to reflect the difference in the contribution of different time series distributions of electricity load to renewable energy accommodation,a time-varying optimization settlement mechanism for renewable energy consumption is proposed.A kind of renewable energy accommodation difficulty index,which considers both spatial and system flexibility adequacies,is proposed in this study.Optimization rules and related constraints for the time-varying settlement of renewable energy consumption are designed on the basis of the index,and then an optimization model of the time-varying settlement of renewable energy consumption for an independent system operator(ISO)is established.The time-varying settlement model optimizes the settlement coefficient of the consumption settlement amount corresponding to per-unit renewable energy in different periods,to reflect the difference in the contribution of load demand to consumption in different periods.Meanwhile,a power consumption optimization model for power retailers under quota constraint is established to characterize the response behavior of power retailers to the time-varying settlement of renewable energy consumption.By solving the game equilibrium of the interactive scheduling between ISO and power retailers,a time-varying optimization plan for the consumption settlement,an ISO operation plan,and a power consumption strategy for power retailers are obtained.A case study shows that,compared with the current quota system,the method proposed in this paper can further promote the accommodation of renewable energy.In order to analyze the impact of quotas on the operation strategy of the electricity sales side market entities,a robust energy management model of power retailers considering the uncertainty of response and the quota constraint is constructed.First,by analyzing the uncertainty of flexible load participation in Price-based Demand Response,an uncertain response model of Price-based Demand Response based on polyhedral uncertainty set is constructed.Based on this uncertain response model,and according to the energy management strategies of power retailers on the day-ahead and intraday power market,a min-max-min three-layer optimization model under quota constraints is established to obtain the optimal day-ahead electricity purchase plan and the optimal intraday power consumption strategy.In order to simplify the solution of the model,the CCG algorithm and the duality theory are applied to decompose the model into the day-ahead main problem and the intra-day sub-problem and solve iteratively.A case study proves the performance of the model in dealing with uncertain risks,and shows that excessive quota task requirements will inhibit the potential of renewable electricity consumption for power retailers,and moderate quota task requirements can fully promote power retailers to consume renewable energy. |
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