GIS-Based Comparative Analysis Of The Spatial Differences Of Production Water Footprint Of Asia-America In Cold Regions

In this paper,Asia-America in Cold Regions refers to the land and sea joint region composed of Northeast Asia and North West America,covering eight countries including China,Russia,Mongolia,North Korea,South Korea,Japan,the United States and Canada.Important routes such as the "Polar Silk Road",the "China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor" have passed through it.Production water footprint is one of the bases for the utilization,allocation and management of water resources.In order to more intuitively reflect the demand and use of water resources of Asia-America in cold regions,this paper calculates the production water footprint of Asian-America in cold regions on the basis of GIS-based research on hydrogeographical zoning,and summarizes the law of regional spatial differences and water resources utilization.In this paper,the relevant concepts of the production water footprint of Asia-America in Cold Regions were firstly summarized and the calculation model based on the input-output method was constructed.Secondly,the scope of Asia-America in Cold Regions was delineated,the projection and mapping points of the high latitude map based on GIS were summarized,and the administrative division,basin division and sea area division of Asia-America in Cold Regions were conducted based on GIS.Finally,according to the model computed administrative division and the main watershed division of production water footprint of Asia-America in Cold Regions,we mapped the distribution of footprint production space of Asia-America in Cold Regions,the spatial differences of production water footprint among administrative regions,among river basins and among administrative regions within the basin and the related indexes of production water footprint are compared and analyzed,and the following main conclusions are finally drawn.(1)Asian-America in Cold Regions,composed of Northeast Asia and Northwest America,are similar and consistent in terms of geographical location,climatic characteristics and plate geological tectonics,which is of great value for overall and comparative studies.(2)The basin and sea area zoning map of Asia-America in Cold Regions has been formed,and 31 zoning are obtained,among which 23 zoning are divided into land region and 8 zoning are divided into sea area.Among the 23 divisions,16 are in Northeast Asia and 7 are in Northwest America.(3)The production water footprint of each administrative division and the five major river basin divisions of Asian-America in Cold Regions in 2017 were obtained.On the whole,the production water footprint of the southern administrative division of Northeast Asia is higher than that of the northern administrative division,and the production water footprint of the coastal administrative division of the northwest American region is higher.From a watershed point of view,the water footprint per unit area of production is the largest in Heilongjiang(Amur River)basin,and the smallest in Yenisei River basin.(4)The water resource stress index of South Korea and Japan is the highest,which was 9180.19% and 448.54%,respectively.The water footprint formed by production activities is greater than the available water resources,the demand for water resources is greater than the supply,the water resource system deficit,the production activities exceed the carrying capacity of water resources,and the sustainable utilization of water resources has not been realized.The remaining six countries are all between 0 and100%,the water supply is greater than the demand,the water resources system is surplus,and the development and utilization of water resources is in a safe state and still has certain space.(5)From the perspective of spatial distribution,the water resources intensity in Northeast Asia is obviously higher than that in Northwest America.Among them,Japan has the largest production water footprint intensity and relatively extensive use of water resources in its economic development,which is 0.397,while the United States has the smallest production water footprint intensity and higher utilization efficiency of water resources in department production,which is 0.011.