Research On Carbon Emission Reward And Punishment Strategies Under Multi-mode Transportation

Faced with increasingly serious environmental problems,reducing carbon emissions and developing low-carbon transportation have become the consensus of all countries.As a high carbon emission industry,it is urgent to reduce emissions in the freight industry.Road transportation and railway transportation are the two major modes of freight transportation in China’s interior,accounting for 80% of the country’s freight traffic.The intensity of carbon emission per unit of railway transportation is one tenth of that of road transportation,but the proportion of railway freight volume in the total social freight volume is far less than that of road freight volume.Therefore,it is an effective way to reduce emission by formulating reasonable reward and punishment strategies(the reward strategy is subsidy and the punishment strategy is carbon tax)to guide the transfer of freight flow.At the same time,the cost of technological innovation or the introduction of new technologies is relatively high,and it is also a way to reduce emissions to guide freight enterprises to carry out technological innovation through reasonable reward and punishment strategies.At present,the research on the reward and punishment strategy of structural emission reduction and technical emission reduction in the freight industry is still lacking,and it mostly stays on qualitative analysis and lacks systematic and scientific quantitative research.Based on some existing research results and the characteristics of China’s road and railway freight transportation,this paper adopts the research ideas of quantitative analysis as the main and qualitative analysis as the auxiliary to conduct in-depth research and discussion on the incentive and punishment strategies of structural emission reduction and technical emission reduction under multiple modes of transportation,which provides new research ideas and methods for the development of low-carbon transportation and has important theoretical significance and practical value.The main work of this paper is as follows:1.Summarize the research status of structural emission reduction and technical emission reduction in the field of transportation,and summarize the changes of freight volume of railway freight and road freight in the past ten years,which provides reference for the following analysis.2.From the perspective of profit maximization and social welfare maximization of freight transport enterprises,a game model of structural emission reduction reward and punishment strategy under the competition of various freight transport modes is constructed.Considering the environmental benefits,economic benefits and social benefits,this paper compares and analyzes the impacts of four strategies on freight price,freight volume,profit,total social welfare and emission reduction,such as government’s non-guidance,single reward(subsidies for railway transportation),single punishment(carbon tax for two modes of transportation),and simultaneous rewards and punishments(carbon tax for two modes of transportation and price sticker for railway transportation).At the same time,it analyzes the impacts of time sensitivity coefficient and price sensitivity coefficient on the optimal strategy through numerical example analysis and Matlab solution.The study shows that in the incentive and punishment strategy considering structural emission reduction,the strategy of combining incentive and punishment is the most effective,followed by single punishment,and finally single reward,and the optimal carbon tax rate and reasonable range of subsidies are obtained.3.From the perspective of profit maximization and social welfare maximization of freight transport enterprises,a game model of reward and punishment strategy for technical emission reduction under the competition of various modes of transportation is established.Factors influencing the reward and punishment strategy,such as cost coefficient of technical innovation,price sensitivity coefficient and time sensitivity coefficient,are analyzed.Research shows that reward and punishment intensity decreases with the increase of cost parameter and price sensitivity coefficient of technical innovation,and increases with the increase of time sensitivity coefficient.At the same time,the influence of reward and punishment strategy on freight price,freight volume,profit,social welfare and emission reduction is analyzed.Although only the mobile carbon sources in transit are considered,and only two modes of transportation,highway and railway,are considered,it also provides certain reference significance for the government to formulate reasonable emission reduction reward and punishment strategies.