Study On The Energy Consumption Law Of The Evolution Of Vernacular Dwellings Form

The vernacular dwellings distributed in different areas have different shapes and are the result of fully adapting to the natural environment.In order to create suitable indoor environmental conditions,the degree of the dwellings on energy and materials must be different.This difference will be reflected in the facade,space,style,shape and other architectural forms,but maintain relative stability.With the development of economic technology and lifestyles,the energy consumption methods,building materials,functional requirements and physical environment index requirements have all undergone dramatic changes,and the form of residential buildings is also evolving.Regardless of the specific form,there must be a certain pattern in the evolution of architecture that needs to be grasped.From the perspective of the evolution,two typical types of vernacular dwellings’ energy consumption,Guangzhou Qilou and Beijing Siheyuan,which are selected from the north and the south,to explore the evolution of residential building forms and building energy consumption,and to scientifically understand the development of vernacular dwellings and rationally control energy.It is of great significance to utilize and improve the design of residential forms.By sorting out the basic factors that influence the evolution of residential forms in various places,the evolution of its architectural form is divided into five stages in the late Qing Dynasty,the Republic of China period,1949-1978,1978-2000,and2000-present,and field surveys of 17 typical Beijing Siheyuan and 18 Guangzhou Qilou residential dwellings summarize the basic architectural forms of Beijing Siheyuan and Guangzhou Qilou.According to the regional characteristics of each region,the building energy consumption characteristics of the Beijing Siheyuan residential buildings with winter heating as the main and the Guangzhou Qilou residential buildings with summer cooling as the main indicators are defined.Using this as a measurement index,two major morphological factors affecting the residential building energy consumption are extracted: Plane form factors including plane shape,aspect ratio and size,and body shape design factors including form factor,number of floors and windows,etc.,are used to further analyze and summarize the specific evolution process of the courtyard house and Qilou residential form And characteristics.Select Design Builder as the analytical software,then simplify the model,set the parameters of the external environment,internal personnel activities,the structure of the envelope and the heating and cooling methods,and import the residential model at each stage into the software for energy consumption simulation,and obtain the evolution of the residential houses in various forms The law of energy consumption changes at the time.The analysis found that the heating energy consumption per unit of building area of Beijing Siheyuan decreased year by year,the room temperature tended to be stable and gradually increased within 24 hours on a typical meteorological day,and the energy consumption per unit building area gradually decreased.The cooling energy consumption per unit building area of Guangzhou Qilou is decreasing year by year.The room temperature tends to stabilize and gradually decrease within 24 hours on a typical weather day,and the energy consumption per unit building area gradually decreases.It can be seen that the formation of this energy consumption law is the result of the extensive adaptation of residential forms to climate,society,and technology,but there are differences in the degree of impact of changes in residential forms on energy consumption.Taking the Beijing Siheyuan as an example,the form of the vernacular dwellings in the north can directly affect the energy consumption of the building,and the form is closely related to the energy consumption.In the design practice of vernacular dwellings,the form design method with energy consumption control as the goal should be promoted first;On the other hand,the relationship between vernacular dwellings’ form and energy consumption in southern China is relatively weak.In practical design,attention should be paid to other factors besides form to control energy consumption and improve energy efficiency.