Underground Commercial Pedestrian Evacuation Space Optimization Design Research

In the process of rapid development of urbanization,land is an important resource for urban expansion.The land use associated with urban development is close to saturation,and the use of underground space has become a necessary measure and development direction of urban distribution.The development of underground space in modern cities started from the design and construction of subway in London,England,so traffic became the first function of underground space resources.Later,the concept of basement and underground pipe corridor became clear quickly,which promoted the comprehensive development of the functional attributes of underground space.Since then,the development of underground resources has paid more attention to the rationality and evacuation of space,and the evacuation efficiency of people in underground buildings is closely related to the interior design layout of underground space.Based on the urban underground commercial space as the research object,to evacuate the behavior psychology,the underground space of the environmental impact on personnel and social dynamics as the research foundation,building personnel escape behavior and evacuation dynamics as the research basis,based on the characteristics of evacuation behavior and to optimize the design of the commercial space and layout,thus promote underground commercial building evacuation efficiency.This paper reviews the literature and research status in the field of underground commercial space and building evacuation,and summarizes the related concepts and evacuation behavior characteristics of underground commercial building personnel in this paper.The combined application of evacuation dynamics and social mechanics with this paper is explained,and a research method suitable for this paper is proposed.Then,the status quo of underground commercial space was investigated.Through field investigation and questionnaire survey,problems existed in evacuation of underground commercial buildings were found,which mainly included: the evacuation ability and convenience of underground space deviated from users’ cognition to a certain extent;There is a certain contradiction between the arrangement,spatial form and decoration of underground commercial space and the demand of emergency evacuation.Based on the problems found in the field survey of the site and the analysis of the survey data,the conclusions were drawn.Combined with the environmental behavior characteristics of social mechanics and evacuation dynamics,the Any Logic platform was used to set the corresponding social forces for simulation.The experimental data were obtained by using two experiments of traffic layout and business format distribution,and conclusions were obtained by analyzing and summarizing the plane layout,spatial channel layout,vertical traffic and business format distribution of underground commercial space shops.Three design principles are derived,namely,coordination of building traffic,reasonable distribution of business forms and evacuation habit consciousness.According to the principle,three design strategies are put forward,including path design and spatial evacuation capacity,business layout and crowd evacuation condition optimization,and spatial vision cultivation and evacuation habit.In this paper,the evacuation optimization method of underground commercial space is taken as the research purpose,and the corresponding methods are summarized to enrich the theoretical basis,research experimental data and research methods of underground space research.