Research On The Impact Of Intercity High-Speed Railway On Urban Employment Attraction

Since China’s first intercity high-speed railway,the Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed railway,was opened to traffic in 2008,most metropolitan areas have accelerated the pace of intercity high-speed railway construction.With the characteristics of fast speed and public transportation of trains,intercity high-speed railway can improve the potential and economic level of urban development by shortening the space-time distance between cities,strengthening the connection between cities,accelerating the flow of social resources,reducing environmental pollution.In the new situation,the labor force,especially the senior labor force,is the long-term driving force for the sustainable development of urban economy.With the operation of the intercity high-speed railway,the social and economic benefits of the high-speed railway continue to deepen,the urban economy along the line has achieved rapid development.And the living standards,employment opportunities and income levels have been greatly improved,so the influencing factors of the employment choice of the labor force continue to diversify,and the scope of the choice is also expanding.It can be said that the intercity high-speed railway makes the labor mobility no longer affected by a single economic factor and has an important impact on the attraction of urban employment.This paper analyzes the impact of intercity high-speed railway on urban employment attraction from both theoretical and empirical aspects.In aspect of theoretical research,firstly,it establishes the theoretical framework of the impact of intercity high-speed railway on the employment attraction of cities along the line.Secondly,it analyzes the effects of intercity high-speed railway,including the effects of Multiplier Effect,Combined Effect and Diffusion Effect,the Urban Integration Effect and Siphon effect on urban employment attraction.Finally,it analyzes how the intercity high-speed rail can promote economic development,improve the employment environment and promote social harmony through the high-speed rail effect,so as to have an impact on urban employment attraction.In the aspect of empirical research,firstly,the cities along the Shanghai-Nanjing intercity high-speed railway are selected as the experimental group,and other cities in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations are selected as the control group.The Difference-in-Difference model is used to establish the evaluation indexes of urban employment attraction including three first-class indexes of economic development,employment environment and social harmony and ten second-class indexes.Then it studies the dynamic effect of the intercity high-speed railway,and Time-Series Analysis series analysis to compare the evaluation indexes with and without intercity high-speed railway of the employment attraction of the cities along the line of Shanghai Nanjing intercity high-speed railway;finally,it uses Factor Analysis to calculate the employment attraction of the cities along the line of Shanghai-Nanjing intercity high-speed railway,and compares the employment attraction with and without intercity high-speed railway of the cities along the line of Shanghai Nanjing intercity high-speed railway.The results show that:(1)the intercity high-speed rail can promote the economic development level,employment environment and social harmony of the cities along the line,and it is conducive to enhance the employment attraction of the cities along the line.(2)Shanghai-Nanjing intercity high-speed railway has significantly promoted the social and economic development of cities along the line.The Time-lag Effect of Shanghai-Nanjing intercity high-speed railway is very short or there is no Time-lag Effect.(3)The index value of urban employment attraction with Shanghai-Nanjing intercity high-speed railway is higher than that without Shanghai-Nanjing intercity high-speed railway.(4)The employment attraction of cities along the line with Shanghai Nanjing intercity high-speed railway is higher than that without Shanghai-Nanjing intercity high-speed railway,and the promotion degree of the employment attraction of different cities along the line is different.The larger the city is,the more significant it will be.